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Maam tel > JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) > Flashcards

JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) Flashcards

1
Q

came before and remained despite the
disagreements

A

Community of human beings

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2
Q

He becomes an individual through his
assumption of… and it is not the individual who sustains the political community but rather the political community that sustains the individual

A

civic responsibility

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3
Q

no conception of rights can survive unless
it relies on a… for sustaining them

A

common responsibility

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4
Q

are meaningless without a community that is prepared to defend them

A

Rights

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5
Q

individual emerges. he begins to

A

act socially

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6
Q

-insisted that the sovereign must
ultimately be subordinate to the
social compact

A

John Locke

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7
Q

central principle of Locke’s political
thought

A

Royal Absolutism

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8
Q

The danger of an unlimited assertion
of rights arose from monarchical
claims of standing outside…

A

community law

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9
Q

This is an order of mutual obligation

A

Reciprocal relationship

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10
Q

-sees sovereign as outside the
covenant by which civil society is
instituted

A

Thomas Hobbes

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11
Q

-there can be no agreement
without an absolute power capable
of enforcing it

A

Thomas Hobbes

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12
Q

-places power firmly in the
foreground

A

Thomas Hobbes

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13
Q

-only an agreement that includes
the absolute power is worthy of
the consent of free people

A

John Locke

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14
Q

more constitionalist leanings
prefer power to recede into the
background

A

John Locke

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15
Q

is concerned with making
government responsible, not with the
question of the existence of a
government

A

John Locke

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16
Q

addressed the question of the origin of government and form a unity

A

Two Treatises of Government

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17
Q

Alternative position of the two treaties of john locke?

A

divine right of kings

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18
Q

Such derivation is unworkable and Locke’s emphasizes that each human being is born into the world with the same authority

A

divine right of kings

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19
Q

The authority of kings and princes must be derived from the

A

CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED

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20
Q

Every Man being, as had been shown
naturally free, and nothing being able to put
him into subjection to any Earthly Power, but
only his own Consent; it is to be considered,
what shall be understood to be a sufficient
Declaration of a Man’s consent, to make him
subject to the Laws of any government

A

tacit consent

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21
Q

the condition of human beings without any superior
to settle their differences

A

State of Nature

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22
Q

is essentially state of community
without government to act on its behalf

is unreliable, filled with inconveniences of ineffective administration of
justice

A

State of Nature

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23
Q

lacks any visible manifestation
is carried within each individual member, and from that mutual trust and recognition the compact to form civil society eventually emerges

A

Prepolitical community

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24
Q

Everyone must be a judge in his own case, and no
one can call on effective means of punishing
wrongdoers

A

State of Nature

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25
Q

Bonds of mutual obligation remain even in the absence of an effective means of enforcing them

A

State of Nature

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26
Q

Not without justice and consensus
We are all responsible for prosecuting the law of nature both in cases that affect ourselves and in those that affect others

A

State of Nature

27
Q

this/they carry the sense of common obligation
towards one another from the beginning

A

Individual

28
Q

emphasizes the degree to
which trust can be reliably
placed in others

A

LOCKE

29
Q

radical individualistic
depiction

state of war

A

HOBBES

30
Q

Threat each must remain
prepares to confront

forces us to contemplate
what must be done when the
trust breaks down

Not mutually exclusive (
trust)

A

Hobbes

31
Q

recognize that the consent
given is only as good as the moral
reliability of the giver

A

hobbes and locke

32
Q

prepared to count on only
a narrowly defined sense
of right

A

hobbes

33
Q

assumes that human
beings are more broadly
oriented toward good

A

locke

34
Q

recognize the impossibility of basing
government on simple-interest

-they avoid the term “social contract”

A

hobbes and locke

35
Q

While we possess the right to preserve ourselves in the state of nature, the rationale is derived from the duty we owe to

A

God

36
Q

we are obliged to preserve ourselves and , when it
is not in conflict with that to preserve others

A

law of nature

37
Q

“Every one as he is bound to preserve himself, and
not tom quit his station willfully; so by the like
reason when his own Preservation comes not in
competition, ought he, as much as he can, to
preserve the rest of Mankind”

A

Second treatise

38
Q

The mutual preservation of rights that
constitutes the purpose of civil society is
principally accomplished through the security
of property.

A

property

39
Q

through which all of our other
rights are exercised.

A

Nexus

40
Q

is therefore for Locke embedded in
the every idea of the person

A

property

41
Q

become our property through the
application of our labor by which we attach them
uniquely to ourselves.

A

Physical Object

42
Q

the world is given to human
beings in common, but it can be enjoyed only by
becoming the property of individual human
beings

A

state of nature

43
Q

transition from the state of
nature to the state of civil society.

A

civil commonwealth

44
Q

Each was responsible for exercising the power of government in enforcing the law of nature. They must find a mechanism of transferring that authority to their representative

A

state of nature

45
Q

is precisely one who
recognizes no common authority for
resolving disputes affecting him.

A

Absolute Ruler

46
Q

is that it
constitutes a genuinely common measure by
which differences are to be resolved

A

essence of civil society

47
Q

Locke insists on this and as the only
guarantee of the liberty of all.

A

rule of law

48
Q

Each enjoyed in the state of nature to the
state of civil society whereby the same
legislative function that each performed
individually is now enacted collectively.

A

Transfer of liberty

49
Q

the assent to the process that includes the
expectation that the minority will dissent
from the majority

A

Consent

50
Q

only principle on which assemblies can
effectively operate: “For when any number
Men have, by the consent of every
individual, made a Community, they have
thereby made that Community one Body,
with a Power to Act as one Body, which is
only the will and determination of the
majority

A

MAJORITY RULE

51
Q

this makes the compact of civil
society possible

A

Bond of trust

52
Q

this is the most powerful
evocation of liberal democracy

A

Second treatise

53
Q

locke insisted that this be exercised by an assembly whose members “being separated again, they are subject to the Laws, they have made; which is a new and near ties upon them, to take care that they make them for the public good.

A

legislative power

54
Q

carries greatest potential abuse and is limited to the laws it is charged with enforcing and extends no further

A

Executive power

55
Q

power-must remain open, flexible, and
potentially unlimited because no one can determine in advance what may be required to ensure the survival of civil society in its relationships with other states.

A

federative power

56
Q

is united with the federative power by which foreign policy is conducted, in locke perspective

A

Executive power

57
Q

community retains the supreme power of
overruling its legislative or executive leaders when
they step outside the law.

A

locke

58
Q

this is a indeterminatepower is known and power to act according to discretion for
the public good without the prescription of the Law
and sometimes event against it

A

PREROGATIVE

59
Q

The unlawful use of force against members of the political community from which government is derived and which it is never entitled to
abrogate

A

invalidate

60
Q

can act only through a
representative, but the representatives cannot
create himself.

A

community

61
Q

he cannot quite shake off the awareness that
such sovereign authority has its source within
self-governing individuals who must at some point come together to give effect to the common order they bear within them

A

locke

62
Q

There is no community without a government,
without a representative through whom collection action is possible

A

Hobbes

63
Q

is reserved for a prince
who would turn rapaciously on his own
people. He has become , in Locke’s words, “a
wolf or a lyon” who would stop at nothing
short of the complete destruction of his
victims

A

particular invective

64
Q

Community is such an inner reality of human beings
Breach of its bonds is an

A

OUTRAGE

Maam tel (7 decks)

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