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2b > Joint Examinations > Flashcards

Joint Examinations Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What do you look for when observing gait?

A
  • Gait cycle
  • Symmetry
  • Assess turning
  • Any signs of discomfort
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2
Q

Observe hips: what you looking for (from front)?

A
  • Scars
  • Pelvic tilt
  • Quadricep wasting
  • Joint deformity
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3
Q

Observe hips: what you looking for (from side)?

A
  • Lumbar lordosis
  • Knee flexion
  • Foot arches
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4
Q

Observe hips: what you looking for (from back)?

A
  • Scoliosis
  • Iliac crest alignment
  • Gluteal muscle bulk
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5
Q

When palpating hip, what you looking for?

A
  • Tenderness
  • Warmth
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6
Q

What could tenderness of hip suggest

A

Trochanteric bursitis

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7
Q

Describe Thomas’s test

A
  • Place hand under the spine
  • Passively fee the unaffected leg as far as possible
  • Your hand should detect the lumbar lordosis flattening
  • With unaffected leg flexed, the contralateral leg should be flat on the bed
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8
Q

What are the Special tests for a hip exam

A
  • Thomas’s test
  • Trendelenberg’s test
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9
Q

How do you measure actually leg length?

A

ASIS -> medial malleolus

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10
Q

How to you measure apparent leg length?

A

umbilicus -> medial malleolus

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11
Q

What do you do to complete hip exam?

A

Examine spine, knees, neuromuscular exam of lower limbs and view any available imaging

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12
Q

What do you look for in exam of hands (inspection)

A
  • Skin
  • Scars
  • Muscle wasting
  • Deformity
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13
Q

On palmar surface of hand: what 2 things to you particularly look for?

A
  • Dupuytren contracture
  • Thenar and hypothenar wasting
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14
Q

Where can you touch on palmar surface of hand to test median nerve?

A

Thenar bulk

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15
Q

Where can you touch on palmar surface of hand to test ulnar nerve?

A

little finger

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16
Q

Where can you touch on hand to test radial nerve?

A

dorsal surface mear thumb

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17
Q

What does tenderness in anatomical snuffbox indicate?

A

scaphoid fracture

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18
Q

How should patient be positioned and dressed for shoulder exam?

A

standing
top off

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19
Q

Shoulder inspection: what do you look for?

A
  • head and neck posture
  • Symmetry of shoulders
  • Deltoid wasting
  • Scars

(skin, scars, muscle wasting, deformity)

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20
Q

Shoulder test; What does empty can test test for? and how is it done?

A

Assess for weakness of supraspinatus

arms out stretched and as if emptying can of beans

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21
Q

Hands exam: What are the 4 look things?

A
  • Skin: colour
  • Scars: trauma
  • Muscle wasting: thenar muscles
  • Deformity: RA, dextrupens contracture
  • Symmetry: differences between the hands
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22
Q

Hands exam: what are the 4 feel things?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Palpate: every joint + wrist (lumps or tenderness)
  • Temprate: compare temps
  • Neurate: palmar and dorsal surfaces
  • Vascular: cap refill, pulse
23
Q

Hands exam: What are the 4 move things?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Test actions: fist, back out, spread out fingers, all the thumb ones
  • Power grip
  • Hold a pen
  • Buttons
24
Q

Hand exam: what are the 4 special tests?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Sensory: ulnar, medien, radial
  • Motor:
  • Tinnels
  • Phalens
25
Hand exam special tests: what special tests to check motor function?
- Ulnar: crossed fingers, grip paper, abduct against resistance - Median: Palmar abduction (thumb) - Radial: wrist and finger dorsiflexion
26
Knee exam: what do you inspect form the front?
- Valgus, varus deformity - knee swelling - quadricep bulk
27
Knee exam: what do you inspect form the side?
- knee hyperextension? - foot arches - toe deformity
28
Knee exam: what do you inspect form behind?
- gluteal muscle bulk - popliteal swellings - hindfoot abnormalities
29
Knee exam: what does patella tap test for?
Allows for detection of large joint effusions
30
knee exam: what does swipe test test for?
allows detection of small joint effusions
31
What would you do to complete knee examination?
- examine hip - examine ankle - perform neurovascular examination of both lower limbs
32
What do you look for in general inspection in foot exam? (not on foot)
- uneven footwear - foreign objects in shoes - bandages - dressings
33
What do you look for in inspection of foot exam?
- skin, scars, muscle wasting, deformity -ulcers -oedema - joint deformity
34
Foot exam: What hidden spaces do you need to check in inspection?
- Between the toes - back of the heel
35
What pulses do you check in foot exam? find it on yoself
- Posterior tibial pulse (located posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus) - Dorsalis pedis pulse (located lateral to the extensor hallucinate longus tendon)
36
Foot exam: explain how you would test vibration
- check they know what it feels like (sternum) - hit tuning fork and ask patient to say when they can feel it vibrating and when stopped - place on ball of foot
37
what tuning forking should be used to check vibration in foot exam
128 Hz
38
Foot exam: explain how to test reflex
- Ankle jerk reflex - leg bent slightly to side - tap back of the ankle
39
What would you do to complete diabetic foot exam?
- peripheral vascular exam
40
What exposure is required for GALS examination?
Remove shirt, wear shorts
41
What initial questions do you ask in GALS examination?
- Do you have any pain or stiffness in your joints, muscles or back? - Do you have any difficulty getting dressed? - Do you have have any difficulty going up and down the stairs?
42
GALS exam: what do you look for on inspection from the front?
- Shoulder symmetry + muscle bulk - Elbow extension - Quadriceps bulk - Knee swelling and deformity - Foot deformity
43
GALS exam: what do you look for inspection from the side?
- Spine - Knee flexion (/hyperextension) - Foot arches - Toe deformity
44
GALS exam: what do you look for on inspection from the back?
- Shoulder symmetry - Spinal alignment - Iliac crest alignment - Gluteal muscle bulk - Popliteal swellings - Hind-foot abnormalities
45
What do you do for arms bit of GALS?
- Shoulder: arms behind head - Hands and wrists: - look: supinate - feel: tenderness over MCP joint - move: fist, grip strength, piano fingers
46
What do you do for Legs bit of GALS?
- Passive movement - Joint effusion (patellar tap) - Feet: look, feel (MTP joint)
47
What passive movement do you do for legs of GALS?
- with patient lying down: flex knee and hip - internal and external rotation of hip joint (with hip and knee flexed to (90))
48
What do you do for spine of GALS
- lumbar flexion: measure expansion - cervical spine lateral flexion (45)
49
what would you do to complete GALS screening examination?
- focused examination of joints with suspected pathology - further imaging if indicated
50
Spinal exam: what do you feel for when palpating spinal processes?
- Alignment - Irregularities - Tenderness
51
Spinal exam: What do you feel for when palpating paraspinal muscles?
Any areas of tenderness or spasm
52
Explain how to test thoracic rotation
Ask patient to cross arms and then rotate as much as possible
53
What are the two points on the back for schooners test?
10ch above and 5cm below posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
54
Schober's test: how big should the distance be between the two points once the patient has bent over?
Greater than 20cm

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