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Biomechanics/Kinesiology PT1 > joint mechanics > Flashcards

joint mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

frontal plane axis

A

anteroposterior

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2
Q

sagittal plane axis

A

medial-lateral

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3
Q

horizontal/transverse plane axis

A

longitudinal

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4
Q

kinematics

A

description of motion without regard to the forces producing the motion

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5
Q

kinetics

A

study of forces producing motion and or maintaining equilibrium

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6
Q

osteokinematics

A

study of the movement of a bone without regard for the motion occurring at the joint surface or the forces producing the movement

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7
Q

how do you measure osteokinematics

A

goniometers and inclinometers

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8
Q

uniaxial

A

1 degree of freedom

ex. hinge joints: the humeroulnar joint or proximal radioulnar joint that pivots

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9
Q

biaxial

A

2 degrees of freedom
CONCAVE AND CONVEX
saddle and sellar

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10
Q

sellar joints

A

joint surface is concave in one direction and convex in the other direction

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11
Q

triaxial

A

3 degrees of freedom

planar and ball and socket joints

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12
Q

circumduction

A

combines all degrees of freedom

minimal of 2 degrees of freedom

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13
Q

synarthrodial

A

bony components connected by connective tissue

designed for stability and minimal movement

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14
Q

suture

A

united by collagenous sutural ligament/membrane

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15
Q

gomphosis

A

peg in a hole (ex. mandible)

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16
Q

syndesmosis

A

interosseous ligament, fibrous cord or aponeurotic membrane

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17
Q

cartilaginous

A

bone-cartilage bone interface

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18
Q

symphysis

A

directly joined by fibrocartilage

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19
Q

synchondrosis

A

hyaline cartilage forms a body between the two bones

ex. rib connection to sternum

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20
Q

diarthrodial (synovial)

A

bones are indirectly connected by means of a joint capsule

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21
Q

ruffini receptor

A

stretch receptor

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22
Q

pacini receptor

A

compression, changes in hydrostatic PRESSURE and joint MOVEMENT

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23
Q

golgi receptor

A

pressure receptor and extremes of motion

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24
Q

unmyelinated free nerve endings are sensitive to

A

noxious/non-noxious mechanical or biomechanical stress

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25
unmyelinated free nerve endings location
around blood vessels in synovial layer of capsule and fat pads ligaments, tendons and periosteum
26
golgi location
intima of synovium, ligaments and tendons
27
pacini location
throughout the joint capsule, fat pads
28
Ruffini location
fibrous joint capsule, periosteum, ligaments, tendons (flexion side)
29
compound joint
has one or more pair of articular surfaces within the capsule
30
complex joint
has an intra-articular disc b/w joint surfaces
31
sub-intima
loose network | attaches to margins of articular cartilage, periosteum and fibrous capsule
32
intima
synoviocytes are 1-3 layers) lines the joint space and interacts with it responsible for exchange with the synovial fluid, removal of debris from joint cavity and structural repair of synovium
33
what does the intima synthesize
hyaluronic acid to keep the friction low
34
what interacts directly with the intima
synovial fluid
35
function of synovial fluid
keeps joint surfaces lubricated, has viscosity from hyaluronic acid and has low friction due to lubricin
36
function of discs, plates, menisci, labrum
increase joint congruency, absorb compressive forces, facilitate motion, deepen cavity
37
bursae
lined with synovial membrane, filled with a thin fluid flat, dense, irregular CT sac either subcutaneous, subtendinosis, and submuscularis
38
open kinetic chain
proximal segment is fixed and distal segment can move
39
closed kinetic chain
distal segment is fixed and stabilized and the proximal segment is moving generally weight bearing
40
kinetic chain definition
combo of several joints uniting successive segments (series of rigid links)
41
saddle joints are ___
sellar; have both convex and concave on the same articular surface
42
ovoid joints
joint surfaces are curved in the same direction as the articular partner
43
arthrokinematics
the study of the movement of one articular surface on another without regard to the movement of the bone or the forces producing that movement
44
rolling
each subsequent point on one surface contacts a new point on the other surface SAME DIRECTION AS THE MOVEMENT
45
gliding/sliding
same point on one surface contacts new point on the other surface, maintains optimal joint contact, direction depends on the surfaces and type of joint
46
normal joint motion
combination of rolling, gliding and spinning
47
convex on concave
rolling and gliding are opposite
48
concave on convex
gliding and rolling are in the same direction
49
treatment plane
line parallel to the concave articular surface
50
distraction joint glide
perpendicular to the treatment plane
51
traction joint glide
along long axis of the bone- parallel to treatment plane
52
close packed position
maximum tautness of ligaments maximum surface congruity/contact min joint volume maximum stability to allow for least distraction
53
loose packed position or open packed
any position other than the close packed position capsule and ligaments on slack max joint volume joint surfaces may distract several mm allows for necessary roll, glide and spin
54
what position does a joint go into with inflammation
open packed or loose packed
55
what position do we do joint mobilizations
loose packed/open packed
56
common convex bones
capitulum, femoral head, femoral condyles, talus, olecranon, humeral epicondyles, humeral head
57
common concave bones
glenoid fossa, acetabulum, radial head, tibial plateaus, distal tibia and fibula, olecranon fossa,
58
synarthrosis
designed for stability
59
diarthrosis designed for ____
mobility (through synovial capsule)
60
primary cartilaginous joint
synchondrosis
61
secondary cartilaginous joint
symphysis
62
outer fibrous capsule function
enclose the joint and provide stability
63
describe the dense irregular CT in synovial jt capsule
``` 70% water highly innervated poorly vascularized variable thickness 90% collagen/elastin in dry weight ```
64
intima is responsible for
synthesis of hyaluronic acid, remove debris from the capsule and structurally repair synovium
65
sternoclavicular retraction
concave clavicle on convex sternum | posterior roll, posterior glide
66
sternoclavicular elevation
convex clavicle on concave sternum | Superior roll, inferior glide
67
treatment plane
lies in the concave joint surface, parallel to the joint surface

Biomechanics/Kinesiology PT1 (6 decks)

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