Joints

Question 1

what is a joint

Answer 1

a point of articulation between 2 0r more bones

Question 2

Classes of joints based on structures

Answer 2

1. Fibrous joint; bones joined by fibrous tissue
2. Cartilaginous joint; Bones joined by hyaline cartilage
3. Synovial joint; joined by a fluid cavity

Question 3

Functional classification of joints

Answer 3

• Synarthroses; mostly fibrous joints
  
  • are immobile joints e.g sutures and manubriosternal joint.
• Amphiarthroses; are acrtilaginous joints
• slightly movable
  -e.g, Intervertebral discs
  - symphysis pubis
  *diarthroses; synovial joints
  
  • freely movable
  • uniaxial ( hinge joints)
  • multiaxial ( ball and socket joint)
  • biaxial ( metacarpalphalangeal joint)

Question 4

fibrous joint

Answer 4

bones connected to each other by a fibrous connective tissue called ligament.

Question 4

Types of fibrous joints

Answer 4

• Sutures
• Syndesmosis
• Gomphosis

Question 5

synostosis

Answer 5

a scenario whereby a bone fuses into another bone after a fibrous tissue has ossified

Question 6

Syndesmosis

Answer 6

*is a type of fibrous joint in which two parallel bones are united to each other by
fibrous connective tissue e,g interosseous membrane

Question 7

Gomphosis

Answer 7

• fibrous joint that anchors the root of a tooth into its bony socket
  within the maxillary bone (upper jaw) or mandible bone (lower jaw) of the skull

Question 8

suture

Answer 8

a fibrous joint connecting adjacent bones that are strictly immovable

Question 9

synovial joints

Answer 9

a joint that has a joint cavity filled with a fluid called synovial articulating adjacent bones.

Question 10

Structural features of synovial joints.

Answer 10

• Synovial membrane
• Articular cartilage
• Articular capsule
• Synovial fluid

Question 11

Types of synovial joints

Answer 11

• Pivot joints( radioulnar joints, atlas and axis of the spine.)
• Ball and socket joint
• Hinge joint
• Condyloid and saddle joint
• Gliding joints e,g

sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint,
joints between carpal bones and those of tarsal bones.

Question 12

Condyloid and saddle joint

Answer 12

• Allows movement in two axes, permitting flexion,
  extension, abduction,adduction and circumduction.
• Examples include wrist joint, temporo-mandibular joint