JOINTS

Question 1

where two bones connect; allow for movement to occur

Answer 1

joints or articulations

Question 2

determines function of joint

Answer 2

joint structure

Question 3

increased mobility means

Answer 3

loss of strength

Question 4

classification scheme of joints based on joint anatomy

Answer 4

structural

Question 5

classification scheme of joints based on range of motion

Answer 5

functional

Question 6

structural classification of joints where it is held together by dense fibrous connective tissue or a fibrous ligament

Answer 6

fibrous

Question 7

joint between the bones of the skull

Answer 7

suture

Question 8

joint between a tooth and its bony socket

Answer 8

gomphosis

Question 9

bones connected by a ligament

Answer 9

syndesmosis

Question 10

example of syndesmosis

Answer 10

distal joint between tibia and fibula

Question 11

held together by cartilage

Answer 11

cartilaginous

Question 12

rigid cartilaginous connection between two bones

Answer 12

synchondrosis

Question 13

example of synchondrosis

Answer 13

vertebrosternal joint of first rib

Question 14

bones connected by a pad of fibrocartilage

Answer 14

symphysis

Question 15

rigid ossified joint

Answer 15

bony

Question 16

two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears

Answer 16

synostosis

Question 17

enclosed by a capsule filled with synovial fluid

Answer 17

synovial

Question 18

immovable joint that can be fibrous cartilaginous or bony

Answer 18

synarthrosis

Question 19

slightly movable join that can be fibrous or cartilaginous

Answer 19

amphiarthrosis

Question 20

freely movable joint which are all synovial joints

Answer 20

diarthrosis

Question 21

freely movable joints at the ends of long bones; surrounded by joint capsule (articular capsule) continuous with periosteum; contains inner synovial membrane and outer fibrous capsule

Answer 21

synovial joints

Question 22

fluid from the synovial membrane that fills the joint cavity

Answer 22

synovial fluid

Question 23

covers articulating surfaces and prevents direct contact between bones

Answer 23

articular cartilage

Question 24

clear viscous solution which resembles interstitial fluid but contains proteoglycans with high concentration of hyaluronan; found inside joints in small amounts

Answer 24

synovial fluid

Question 25

primary functions of synovial fluid

Answer 25

lubrication nutrient distribution for chondrocytes shock absorption

Question 26

protect and stabilize the synovial joint

Answer 26

accessory structures of synovial joints

Question 27

fibrous cartilage pad between opposing bones

Answer 27

meniscus

Question 28

localized masses of adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane; protect articular cartilage and pack the joint space

Answer 28

fat pads

Question 29

support and strengthen joints

Answer 29

ligaments

Question 30

partially torn ligament

Answer 30

sprain

Question 31

outside the joint

Answer 31

extracapsular

Question 32

inside the joint

Answer 32

intracapsular

Question 33

attach muscles to and stabilize the joint

Answer 33

tendons

Question 34

small pockets filled with synovial fluid; reduce friction and act as shock absorbers; cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub

Answer 34

bursae

Question 35

inflammation due to repetitive motion, pressure, infection, or trauma that results in swollen bursae with excess synovial fluid

Answer 35

bursitis

Question 36

factors that stabilize synovial joints

Answer 36

prevent injury by limiting range of motion collagen fibers shapes or articulating surfaces and menisci other bones muscles or fat pads tension in tendons

Question 37

full movement at a particular joint

Answer 37

range of motion

Question 38

joint that permits movement around one axis

Answer 38

monoaxial

Question 39

joint that permits movement around two axes

Answer 39

biaxial

Question 40

joint that permits movement around three axes

Answer 40

triaxial

Question 41

movement when two flat surfaces slide past each other

Answer 41

gliding movement

Question 42

movement when changing angles

Answer 42

angular movements

Question 43

decreases the angle between articulating bones in the anterior-posterior plane (papasok)

Answer 43

flexion

Question 44

increases angle between articulating bones in the anterior-posterior plane (palabas)

Answer 44

extension

Question 45

extension past the normal anatomical limit

Answer 45

hyperextension

Question 46

angular movement where movement is away from longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

Answer 46

abduction

Question 47

angular movement where movement is toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

Answer 47

adduction

Question 48

complete circular movement without rotation

Answer 48

circumduction

Question 49

rotation in reference to anatomical position

Answer 49

rotational movement

Question 50

relative to the longitudinal axis of the body

Answer 50

limb rotation

Question 51

internal rotation toward longitudinal axis of the trunk

Answer 51

medial rotation

Question 52

external rotation away from the longitudinal axis of the trunk

Answer 52

lateral rotation

Question 53

rotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna and palm faced posteriorly

Answer 53

pronation

Question 54

palm turns anteriorly

Answer 54

supination

Question 55

movements at specific joints

Answer 55

special movements

Question 56

twists the sole of the foot medially

Answer 56

inversion

Question 57

twists the sole of the foot laterally

Answer 57

eversion

Question 58

flexion at the ankle (lifting toes)

Answer 58

dorsiflexion

Question 59

extension at the ankle (pointing toes)

Answer 59

plantar flexion

Question 60

movement of the thumb toward palm or other fingers

Answer 60

opposition

Question 61

returns thumb and finger from opposition

Answer 61

reposition

Question 62

movement of a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane (forward)

Answer 62

protraction

Question 63

pulling back or opposite of protraction

Answer 63

retraction

Question 64

moving a structure inferiorly (down)

Answer 64

depression

Question 65

moving a structure superiorly (up)

Answer 65

elevation

Question 66

bending the vertebral column to the side

Answer 66

lateral flexion

Question 67

flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide against each one another; gliding joint; limited motion (nonaxial, gliding)

Answer 67

plane joint

Question 68

permits angular motion in a single plane (monaxial, angular)

Answer 68

hinge joint

Question 69

oval articular face nested within a depression on the opposite surface; permits angular motion of two planes (biaxial, angular); ellipsoid joint

Answer 69

condylar joint

Question 70

articular faces that fit together like a rider in a saddle; permits angular motion in two planes (biaxial)

Answer 70

saddle joint

Question 71

permits rotation; monaxial

Answer 71

pivot joint

Question 72

round head of one bone fits in a cup-shaped depression in another; permits for angular movement, circumduction, and rotation; triaxial

Answer 72

ball-and-socket joint

Question 73

joints between adjacent vertebral bodies and adjacent vertebral articular processes

Answer 73

intervertebral joints

Question 74

connected by symphyses

Answer 74

adjacent vertebral bodies

Question 75

connect adjacent articular processes

Answer 75

plane diarthrosis synovial joints

Question 76

what joins the first two cervical vertebrae

Answer 76

pivot diarthrosis synovial joint (atlanto-axial joint)

Question 77

fibrocartilage discs that separate adjacent vertebral bodies

Answer 77

intervertebral discs

Question 78

tough outer layer of fibrocatilage that attaches the disc to the vertebrae

Answer 78

anuylus fibrosus