Joints

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

An articulation between two or more bones, united with cartilage or fibrous tissue, allowing varying degrees of movement and aiding in shock absorption

Question 2

What are the main roles of joints?

Answer 2

• articulation
• movement
• shock absorption

Question 3

What type of tissue connects fibrous joints?

Answer 3

dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 4

what are 3 types of fibrous joints?

Answer 4

1. suture - skull
2. syndesmosis - splint bone and 3rd metacarpal
3. gomphosis - teeth and alveoli

Question 5

what connects bone in cartilaginous joints?

Answer 5

cartilage

Question 6

what are examples of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 6

vertebral discs, pelvis joint and growth plate between diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 7

what type of joint contains a joint cavity and is freely movable?

Answer 7

synovial joint - type of joint that allows a wide range of movement?

Question 8

what fluid is found when bones are separated and there is a space between them in synovial joints?

Answer 8

synovial fluid, which is known as the joint cavity as a whole

Question 9

what are the 4 types of movement in synovial joints?

Answer 9

1. hinge - ginglymus
2. plane
3. pivot - trochoid
4. ball and socket - spheroid

Question 10

what are ginglymus joints? (with examples)

Answer 10

hinge joints that allow flexion and extension such as elbow or fetlock

Question 11

what are trochoid joints? (with examples)

Answer 11

pivot joints that allow rotary movement such as C1 and C2 vertebrate

Question 12

What supports synovial joints?

Answer 12

ligaments, joint capsule and synovial fluid

Question 13

what attaches the forelimb in horses since they lack a clavicle?

Answer 13

a muscular thoracic sling

Question 14

what type of joint is the horse shoulder?

Answer 14

ball and socket with hinge-like movement due to surrounding musculature

Question 15

what type of joint is the horse elbow?

Answer 15

composite ginglymus joint

Question 16

what type of joint is the carpus in horses?

Answer 16

composite synovial joint with hinge and plane like movement

Question 17

what joints make up the distal thoracic limb in horses?

Answer 17

fetlock, pastern and coffin - all ginglymus joints

Question 18

what is the radioulnar joint in dogs and cats?

Answer 18

joint that has both proximal and distal articulations

Question 19

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 19

synovial and fibrocartilaginous, with little to no movement

Question 20

what is the hip joint also known as?

Answer 20

coxofemoral joint - a ball and socket joint with hinge-like function due to musculature

Question 21

what are the components of the stifle joint?

Answer 21

femoropatellar and femorotibial components - composite hinge movement

Question 22

what ligaments stabilise the stifle joint?

Answer 22

three strong patella ligaments

Question 23

what is the tarsus joint also called?

Answer 23

hock - a composite synovial joint with hinge and plane movement

Question 24

what allows horses to stand for long period of time with minimal effort?

Answer 24

passive stay apparatus

Question 25

what is the function of the nuchal ligament?

Answer 25

supports the weight of the head , especially in large animals

Question 26

what is spinal structures act as shock absorbers between vertebrae?

Answer 26

intervertebral discs - fibrous ring and nucleus pulposus

Question 27

which animals lack a nuchal ligament but have a supraspinous ligament?

Answer 27

cats and pigs