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Joints 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Carrying angle male and female why

A

More pronounced in female due to wider set hips / pelvis

Males 10-15
Women above 15

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2
Q

What’s the Q angle

A

Femoral shaft proximal end pushed out laterally by femoral neck so shaft passes inferomedially

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3
Q

Elbow movements

A

Flexion C6

Extension c7

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4
Q

Radioulnar joint movement

A

Supination c6

Pronation C7 c8

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5
Q

Knee joint movements

A

Flexion L5 S2
Extension L3 L4
Further extension (kicking) L1 L2

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6
Q

Similarities with humerus and femur

A

Both have lateral and medial epicondyle on heir condylar processes

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7
Q

Humerus articulation

A

Humerus articulates withbradial head laterally

Articulates with hook shaped olecranon and Coronoid processes of ulna medially

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8
Q

Function of patella

A

Prevent dislocation during knee extension - quadriceps

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9
Q

Consequences of patella

A

Patello-femoral arthritis

Patella dislocation or subluxation

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10
Q

Where is patella

A

Sesamoid bone in tendon of quadriceps

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11
Q

What does large lateral facet of patella articulate with

A

Prominent lateral femoral condyle

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12
Q

Parts of elbow joint

A

Radial fossa and capitulum
Coronoid fossa and Coronoid process of ulna
Olecranon fossa and olecranon process of ulna

Trochlear notch ofulna
Radial head
Coronoid process

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13
Q

What joints are required for supination and probation

A

Superior and inferior radioulnar joints

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14
Q

Where does fibrous capsule of elbow attach

A

Articular margins as including the superior radioulnar joint, fossae radial, Coronoid and olecranon

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15
Q

Where are ligaments absent and present in elbow

A

Strengthened by lateral and medial ligaments

No anterior or posterior ligaments

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16
Q

What holds the radial head in place

A

Anular ligament - allows rotatory movement for supination and pronation

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17
Q

Pulled elbow

A

When radial head dislocated from annular ligament (children)

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18
Q

Elbow ligaments

A

Radial collateral ligament - lateral epicondyle to anular ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament - triangle - 2 strong medial epicondyle to cornoid process and
1 weaker posterior oblique band to olecranon

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19
Q

Pulled elbow association

A

Dislocated elbow with fractured olecranon is common

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20
Q

What’s subluxation

A

Comes away from annular ligament downwards motion

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21
Q

What’s dislocation of elbow look like

A

Away from annular ligament and pulling to the side

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22
Q

What is knee dependent on for stability

A

Muscles

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23
Q

Where does fibrous capsule of knee attach

A

Articular margins

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24
Q

Ligaments of knee

A

Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Crucifer ligaments in middle
Menisci inside the actual joint

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25
Anteriorly fibrous capsule replaced by
Quadriceps tendon (patellar ligament) and patella also augmented by iliotibial tract and by patellar retinacular from quadriceps
26
Posterior knee joint
Fibrous capsule thin augmented by oblique popliteal and acruate ligaments inferior to which is an opening in capsule for tendon of popliteus
27
Collateral ligaments of knee
Lateral - lateral epicondyle to head of fibula Not fused to joint capsule Medial - medial epicondyle to tibia condyle, superior and medial surfaces Fused to joint capsule and meniscus
28
Which ligaments are and aren't fused to knee joint capsule
Lateral fibular collateral ligament not fused | Medial tibial collateral ligament fused to joint capsule and meniscus
29
Injury to which knee ligament more common
Tibial medial collateral ligaments and medial meniscus are more common Knee injury takes up to year to heal fully
30
Bursae of the knee
Suprapatellar | Prepatellar
31
What are alar folds
Over fat pads and has synovial fold
32
What is inside the knee joint
Cruiciate ligaments and infrapatellar fat pads Infrapatellar synovial fold Inside fibrous capsule
33
Cruciate ligaments
X PREVENTS ANTEROPOSTERIOR DISPLACEMENT OF FEMUR AND ACTS AS PIVOT FOR ROTATORY MOVEMENTS
34
anterior Cruciate job
Up, back and lat | Prevents anterior movement of tibia (drawer test) and hyperextension
35
Posterior cruciate job
Up, forwards and medial | Prevents anterior movement of femur such as when walking downstairs
36
What are menisci
Medial and lateral crescents of fibrocartilage which give congruence for femur on tibia, shock absorption and proprioception
37
Attachment of menisci
Tips attach to tibia and edges fuse to joint capsule (vascular supply only to periphery)
38
How do menisci move as femur rotates and glides on tibia
Move anteriposteriorly
39
Medial meniscus attachments
LARGER attaches to tibial collateral ligament Limited movement so more easily injured
40
Lateral meniscus attachments
SMALLER Circular attaches to capsule but NOT LIGAMENT Why! Because fibular collateral ligament is pulled out way by its attachment to the popliteus
41
What's the unhappy triad
Stuck from side car bumper with knee extended Ruptures anterior cruciate ligament, tibial medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
42
What's the common flexor origin
Medial epicondyle
43
Brachioradialis attachment nerve function
Radial nerve C6 Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and distal radius Elbow flex powerful in mid prone position
44
Flexors of elbow joint are
Brachialis and biceps brachaii
45
Brachialis
Distal anterior humerus to Coronoid process of ulna Musculocutaneous nerve (radial) C567
46
Biceps brachii
Scapula (long head to supraglenoid tubercle, short head to coracoid process) and to bicpital uberosity as well as ulna via the bicipital aponeurosis Supination and flexion of elbow when supinated Musculocutaneous nerve 567
47
Extension of elbow
Triceps Lateral medial and long head
48
Long head of tricpes
Infraglenoid tubercle | Dislocation of abducted shoulder prevents. To olecranon
49
Lateral head of triceps
Lateral and superior to spiral groove To olecranon
50
Medial had of triceps
Medial and inferior to spiral groove To olecranon
51
What assists triceps in extension
Anconeous - lateral epicondyle to proximal ulna
52
Where's insertion point of all theee sections of triceps
Olecranon of ulna
53
What muscles pronate forearm
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus Median nerve 7 8
54
What muscles are involved in supination
Biceps c567 | Supinator c8
55
What does the biceps tendon reflex check
Musculocutaneous nerve particularly segments C5 6
56
What's in the cubital fossa (right)
Median cubital vein Basilic and cephalic vein above Underneath is the Bicipital aponeurosis Brachial artery Median nerve (medially)
57
What is the kicking muscle
Rectus femoris -
58
What extends the knee
Quadriceps Rectus femoris 3 Vasari from Linea aspera and shaft of femur Femoral nerve l2 3 4
59
What is knee joint stability depent on
Quadriceps
60
What happens in final stages of extension
Femur rotates medially around pivot of cruciate ligaments to screw knee into stable close packed position
61
Rectus fermosis turns into
Vastys intermedius with vastus medialis and vastus lateralis at each side of the knee joint
62
What can Q angle cause and how is to prevented
Pulls patella and dislocates laterally Prevented by anterior prominence of lateral femoral condyle and by lower fibres of vastus medialis which fibres from state to medial side of patella
63
What does knee jerk test
Tapping on patellar tendon, ligament or quadriceps tendon Test femoral nerve and spinal segments L34
64
Knee flexion
Hamstrings
65
What nerve supplies hamstrings
L5S12
66
Hamstrings iCloud's
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
67
What tendons are lubricated by The Pes Bursa
The three tendons that form the pes anserinus Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus
68
Borders of popliteal fossa
Semi membranous Bicepsfemoris Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Gasteocnemius
69
What's in the popliteal fossa
Tibial and common fibular nerves Popliteal artery Popliteal vein
70
When is popliteal artery at risk
Knee dislocation and supracondylar fracture of the femur
71
Housemaids knee
Prepatellar bursitis

MD2002 (22 decks)

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