Joints 2: Knee Ankle Foot

Question 1

What ligament joins together the lateral and medial menisci? What does it allow for?

Answer 1

Transverse ligament of the knee.

It allows for menisci to move together during movements of femur on tibia

Question 2

Where does the ACL originate?

Answer 2

Anterior part of the intercondylar area of tibia

Question 3

Where does the ACL insert?

Answer 3

Medial aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 4

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament originate?

Answer 4

Posterior aspect of intercondylar area of tibia

Question 5

Where does the PCL insert?

Answer 5

Lateral aspect of the medial condyle

Question 6

When is the ACL taut? What does it prevent from happening?

Answer 6

When the leg is extended; prevents posterior displacement of femur

Question 7

When is the PCL taut? What does it prevent from happening?

Answer 7

When the leg is flexed; prevents anterior displacement of the femur

Question 8

Which way do the fibers of the ACL run?

Answer 8

Supero-postero-lateral

Question 9

Which way do the fibers of the PCL run?

Answer 9

Supero-antero-medial

Question 10

Where does the anterior horn of the medial meniscus attach?

Answer 10

Anteriorly to the ACL

Question 11

Where does the posterior horn of the medial meniscus attach?

Answer 11

Anterior to the PCL

Question 12

What is adherent to the medial meniscus?

Answer 12

The MCL

Question 13

What does the meniscofemoral ligament do?

Answer 13

Joints the lateral meniscus to the PCL?

Question 14

Pain on lateral rotation of the knee will indicate an injury in which meniscus?

Answer 14

Lateral

Question 15

Pain on medial rotation of the knee will indicate injury in which meniscus?

Answer 15

Medial

Question 16

Which meniscus tears more often?

Answer 16

The medial meniscus because it’s less mobile

Question 17

How do you test for meniscal tears?

Answer 17

Palpating for pain while simultaneously adducting or abducting the leg

Question 18

What makes up the unhappy triad of injuries?

Answer 18

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

Question 19

What is the function of the foot arches?

Answer 19

To absorb shock during weight bearing and make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

Question 20

What does the longitudinal arch consist of? (Medial and lateral parts)

Answer 20

The medial part has the calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms and medial three metatarsals

The lateral part has the calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral two metatarsals

Question 21

What does the transverse arch consist of?

Answer 21

The cuboid, three cuneiforms and metatarsal bones

Question 22

What is the dynamic support of the foot?

Answer 22

Muscles and tendons: tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and intrinsic plantar muscles

Question 23

What is the passive support of the foot?

Answer 23

Tissue and ligaments: plantar aponeurosis, short and long plantar ligaments and the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligaments

Question 24

What is a passive fallen arch primarily due to?

Answer 24

Laxity in the spring ligament

Question 25

What type of stabilizer (active or passive) is found in the arch of the forefoot?

Answer 25

Passive stabilizers

Question 26

What type of stabilizers (active or passive) are found in the metatarsus and tarsus of the foot?

Answer 26

Active/dynamic

Question 27

What are the dynamic and passive longitudinal arch stabilizers?

Answer 27

Dynamic - tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, flexor hallucis longus, fibularis longus, intrinsic plantar muscles Passive - plantar aponeurosis, short plantar ligament, long plantar ligament and spring ligament

Question 28

What is pes planus/flat feet?

Answer 28

Its a condition where the plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis become abnormally stretched. Spring ligament can no longer support talus head: talus head displaces inferomedially and becomes prominent Usually medial parts of longitudinal arch

Question 29

What makes up the ankle joint?

Answer 29

Tibia, fibula and talus (mortise and tendon joint) Three sided mortise formed by two malleoli and inferior tibia - malleoli grip on the trochlea is the strongest during dorsiflexion Joints made of medial and lateral ligaments

Question 30

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 30

Hinge synovial joint (dorsi and plantar flex)

Question 31

What is the deltoid ligament made up of? What does it do?

Answer 31

Deltoid ligament is anterior tibiotalar part, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal part, and posterior tibiotalar part. It connects the tibia with the talus, calcaneus and navicular. Stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion

Question 32

What make up the lateral ligaments?

Answer 32

The anterior talofibular ligament Posterior tibiofibular ligament Anterior tibiofibular ligament They attach the lateral malleolus to the talus and calcaneus

Question 33

Which is the ligament that tears in an ankle sprain?

Answer 33

Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 34

What are the two important intertarsal joints? What actions do they do?

Answer 34

Transverse tarsal joint (which is calcaneocuboid and talonavicular) Subtalar joint (talocalcanean) Inversion and eversion

Question 35

What ligament makes up the subtalar (talocalcanean) joint

Answer 35

Interosseus talocalcaneal lig