Joints Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
any point in your body where two bones come together
A
joint
2
Q
articulation
A
joint
3
Q
types of articulation
A
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
4
Q
Types of Fibrous Joints
A
Sutures and Syndesmoses and Interosseous and Gomphosis
5
Q
Fibrous Joints are made of
A
fibrous connective tissue
6
Q
If it says fibrous
A
its strong, has collagen and fibrous connective tissue
7
Q
Sutures are where and what kind of joint
A
fibrous joint and found on the skull
8
Q
Interosseous joints are what and where
A
Fibrous joints and inbetween bone. Example joint inbetween radius and ulna. Where they come together.
9
Q
Inter-
A
in between
10
Q
Osseous-
A
bone
11
Q
Inbetween radius and ulna what kind of joints are found?
A
fibrous interosseous joints
12
Q
What type of joint is found typically between bone to bone
A
Cartilage
13
Q
Synchondrosis
A
Chon- cartilage
an almost immovable joint between bones bound by a layer of cartilage, as in the vertebrae.
14
Q
Types of cartilaginous joints?
A
Synchondrosis and symphyses
15
Q
What joint holds the pubic symphyses together
A
cartilaginous symphyses
16
Q
What type of synovial joints are there?
A
Plane, Pivot, Saddle, Hinge, Condyloid, Ball and Socke.
17
Q
All of the synovial joints have
A
a synovial cavity
18
Q
Synovial cavities are filled with? That helps with?
A
a synovial fluid that helps lubricates things
19
Q
Bursae or Synovium does
A
slowly releases that synovial fluid when pressure is put on them.
20
Q
Where are synovial joints found?
A
where we have freely movable bones coming together.
21
Q
Freely moving joints always need what and why
A
a synovial fluid to lubricate them since they are always moving
22
Q
Sutures
A
seams, very short interconnecting fibers
23
Q
Syndesmoses
A
The bones are connected exclusively by ligaments, cords or bands of fibrous tissue
24
Q
Gomphsoses
A
Peg in socket fibrous joint. Is a short periodontal ligament.
25
Articulation of the tooth with its boney alveolar socket
Gomphoses Joint
26
Synchondroses
a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bone at a sychondrosis "junction of cartilage". Almost all are immovable.
27
Epiphyseal plates are an example of what joint
syncondroses
28
Costal cartilage of the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum have what joint
sychondroses- its immovable
29
Gliding
occurs when one flat or nearly flat bone surface glides over another. back and forth or side to side
30
waving your hand is an example of what motion
gliding
31
angular movements
increase angle or decrease angle between two bones .
32
Types of angular movements
flexion, extension, hypertension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
33
Flexion
going forward. is a bending movement, usually along the sagittal plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones together.
34
bending forward is an example of what movement
angular flexion movement
35
The arm is flexed at the shoulder when the arm is lifted in an anterior direction is an example of what movement
angular flexion movement
36
Extension
going back to anatomical position. the reverse of flexion and occurs at the same joints. It involves movement along the sagittal plane that increases the angle between the articulating bones. Typically straightens a flexed limb or body part.
37
Straightening a flexed limb or body part is an example of
angular extension movement
38
Straightening a flexed neck, body trunk, elbow, or neck.
angular extension movement
39
Hypertension
Going further back. continuing extension backwards.
40
Abduction
moving away from the midline
41
Adduction
moving toward the midline
42
circumduction
moving a limb in a circle
43
rotation
turning of the bone around its own long axis. can be directed toward the midline or away from
44
supination
radius and ulna are parallel
45
pronation
radius rotates over ulna
46
Dorsiflexion
lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin
47
plantar flexion
pointing the toes
48
protraction and reaction
nonangular anterior and posterior movements in a transverse plane
49
the mandible is jutted out
protraction
50
when you pull your mandible back
retraction
51
inversion
sole of foot turned medially
52
enversion
sole foot turned latterly
53
opposition
thumb touching the point of other fingers on the same hand. The saddle joint between metacarpal I and trapezium allows for this movement.
54
what allows for humans to grasp and manipulate objects
opposition
55
plane joint. what kind of joint, on what surface and what movement.
is a synovial joint. flat articular surface. nonaxial movement or gliding
56
hinge joint. what kind of joint, on what surface and what movement.
synovial joint. Cylinder and trough surface. uniaxial movement
57
pivot joint. what kind of joint, on what surface and what movement.
synovial joint. sleeve and axle. uniaxial movement
58
condylar joint. what kind of joint, on what surface and what movement.
synovial joint. oval articular surface. biaxial movement.
59
saddle joint. what kind of joint, on what surface and what movement.
synovial joint. articular surfaces are both concave and convex. biaxial movement.
60
ball and socket joint. what kind of joint, on what surface and what movement.
synovial joint. cup and head. multiaxial movement.
61
largest and most complex joint in the body
knee joint
62
how many joints and cavities does the knee joint have
three joints and one cavity
63
Joints of the knee
intermediate one; between the patella and the lower end of the femur. (Femoropatellar joint). Lateral and medial joints between the femoral condyles above and the c-shaped menisci or semilunar cartilages of the tibia below (tibiofemoral joint)
64
where is the menisci attached, so what happens easily
their outer margins, so theyre torn free
65
how is the knee joint cavity enclosed
partially
66
functionally of joints- movability
synarthroses
amphithroses
diaphoresis
67
Synathroses
non movable joint- suture after its fused
68
amphithroses
slightly movable joint sutures before fused
69
diaphorsis
freely movable joint
70
anything connected with a ligament
syndesmosis
71
tibia and fibula are what joint and function
syndesmosis, amphothrosis
72
Ephysieal plates are
sychondrosis and ampithrosis
73
Intervetebral discs
(intervertebral fibrocartilage) lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column. Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, and acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together.
74
articular cartilage
cartilage that is cushioned between the bones
75
Synovial joint cavity
space inbetween the joint that hold synovial fluid. Not empty space.
76
Articular Capsule
surronds and protects the synovial fluid
77
What do reinforcing ligaments do
hold the bones together
78
If a joint contains, articular cartilage, synovial joint cavity, articular capsule and reinforcing ligaments means?
That it is a freely movable joint. Therefore it needs adhesion.
79
Mandibular condyle and Knee are? so what is there?
freely movable a pad called a menisci.
80
What does the menisci do on the madible
covers the mandibular condyle
81
what is the menisci made of
fibrocartilage pad
82
Strongest cartilage
fibrocartilage
83
What is found directly underneath the acromion on the scapula and right above the humerus space
Subacromial bursae.
84
What has pressure put on it when a pitcher pitches?
Bursae, releasing lubricant
85
Bursaetus
when the fluid isn't held together by the articular capsule
86
Bursae looks like a
sac
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Elongated version of a bursae
tendon sheath
88
tendon sheath
flattened bursae, extends all the way down and attaches to the muscle
89
a tendon is the
extension of a muscle that attaches to bone
90
Movement that can be done with the mandible and scapula
protraction and retraction
91
Underbite is an example
protraction
92
Mouth closed is an example of
elevation
93
Mouth open is an example of
depression
94
I hold my soup this way
supination
95
If you tell a patient to lay on their stomach it is called
pronation
96
If you tell a patient to lay supine they are facing
up
97
Carpals to what motion
gliding
98
Shoulder ball and socket joint allow us to do what
circumduction
99
Adduction and abduction are only talked about on what skeleton
appendicular
100
wavy border with dense fibrous connective tissue which penetrates into both bone
suture
101
hyaline cartilage
epiphyseal plate
most limb bones
most ribs to sternum
synchondroses
102
fibrocartilage
| pelvis, vertebrae
Symphyses
103
Synovial joints general structure
```
articular cartilage
synovial (joint) cavity
articular capsule
synovial fluid
reinforcing ligaments
```
104
meniscus
– a fibrocartilage pad, e.g., at the tempero-mandibular joint (TMJ) and at the tibio-femoral (knee) joint
105
flattened sacs filled with synovial fluid
bursae
106
elongated bursa which wraps around a tendon
tendon sheath
107
flat planes gliding over each other
gliding plane joint a synovial joint
108
joint found in intercarpal and intertarsal joints
gliding plane joint/ synovial joint
109
cylindrical projection fits into a notch joint
hinge/ synovial joint
110
ulna and humerus joint
hinge/ synovial joint
111
tibia and femur joint
hinge/ synovial joint
112
interphalangeal joints
hinge/ synovial joint
113
rounded end of one bone protrudes into sleeve or ring of bone or ligaments joint
Pivot/ synovial joint
114
atlas (C1) and dens of the axis (C2) joint
Pivot/ synovial joint
115
proximal radio-ulnar joint
Pivot/ synovial joint
116
rounded (convex) articulating surface of one bone fits into concave depression on the other bone
condyloid/ synovial joint
117
radio-carpal joints
condyloid/ synovial joint
118
metacarpal-phalangeal joints
condyloid/ synovial joint
119
each articular surface has both convex and concave areas
Saddle/synovial joints
120
carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb
Saddle/synovial joints
121
special case of a condyloid joint
Saddle/synovial joints
122
spherical or hemispherical head of one bone articulates with cuplike socket
ball and socket/ synovial joint
123
provides greatest rotational flexibility
ball and socket/ synovial joint
124
shoulder and hip joint
ball and socket/ synovial joint
125
special case of a condyloid joint which is capable of circumduction
ball and socket/ synovial joint
126
shape and condition are important for smooth functioning of the joint
articular surfaces
127
dense regular fibrous connective tissue which will only stretch ~6% before tearing
ligaments
128
most important factor influencing joint stability
muscle tone
129
muscle tone
tone - resting activity – some minimal level of contraction operating at all times
130
muscles, tendons, and ligaments are supplied with sensory nerve endings for feedback control of limb and body position and posture
muscle tone
131
Factors influencing joint stability
articular surfaces
ligaments
muscle tone
132
ligament is
a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
133
Since cartilage does not repair well.... what happens?
the cumulative effect of multiple traumas is to permanently weaken the joint
134
what two things contribute to joint stability, not influence
Ligaments and tendons contribute to joint stability.
135
many contribute to fibrous capsule
ligaments and tendons of the knee
136
The ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn.
Partially torn ligaments slowly repair themselves.
Completely torn ligaments require prompt surgical repair.
Sprains
137
The snap and pop of overstressed cartilage
Common aerobics injury
Repaired with arthroscopic surgery
Cartilage injuries
138
Occur when bones are forced out of alignment
Usually accompanied by sprains, inflammation, and joint immobilization
Caused by serious falls and are common sports injuries
Subluxation – partial dislocation of a joint
Dislocations
139
An inflammation of a bursa, usually caused by a blow or friction
Symptoms are pain and swelling
Treated with anti-inflammatory drugs; excessive fluid may be aspirated
Bursitis
140
Inflammation of tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse
| Symptoms and treatment are similar to bursitis
Tendonitis
141
By embryonic week 8, synovial joints...
resemble adult joints
142
Prudent exercise (especially swimming)
that coaxes joints through their full range of motion is key to postponing joint problems
143
largest most complex joint in the body
knee
144
knee has how many joint cavities
one
145
Knee consists of how many joints in one. What are they?
three, femoropatellar joint
| tibiofemoral joint
146
femoropattellar joint
intermediate joint of the knee. in between the patella and lower end of the femur
147
tibiofemoral joint
lateral and medial joint of the knee. between the femoral condyles and the meniscis
148
Helps to prevent side to side rocking of the femur on the tibia and absorb shock
menisci
149
why are the menisci torn free easily
attached only at their outer margins
150
what does the tibiofemoral joint act as typically? Permitting?
a hinge, flexion and extension
151
what is the tibiofemoral functionally
is a bicondylar joint
152
what happens to the knees mobility when it is fully extended/flexed
side to side movements and rotation are strongly resisted by ligaments and the menisci
153
what type of joint is the femoropatellar joint
is a plane joint
154
What does the patella do on the femur during knee flexion
the patella glides across the distal end of femur
155
How is the knee joint cavity unique
the cavity is only partially enclosed by a capsule
156
where is the capsule present on the knee joint
only on the sides and posterior aspects of the knee, where it covers the bulk of the femoral and tibial condyles
157
Anteriorly, where the capsule is absent, three broad ligaments run from the patella to the tibia below are?
Patellar ligament flanked by the medial and lateral patellar retinacula
158
what ligaments merge imperceptibly into the articular capsule on each side
patellar ligament...
| medial/lateral patellar retinacula
159
What are the patellar ligament and retincula are actually continuations of the
the tendon of the bulky quadriceps muscle of the anterior thigh
160
Physicians tap what to test the knee jerk reactions
patellar ligament
161
the several extension in the synovial cavity are called
blind cavities
162
what bursae is usually injured when the knee is bumped anteriorly
subcutaneous prepateller bursae
