Joints and Articulations Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the characteristics of fibrous (fixed) joints?
Very stable
No observable movement
Bones often strong fibres called sutures
Sutures are found in the cranium
What are sutures?
Points of fibrous joints where different bones bind together
What are the characteristics of cartilaginous joints?
Joined by a tough fibrous cartilage
Small amount of movement available
What is the function of cartilaginous joints?
Provides stability and absorbs shock
What are the characteristics of synovial joints?
Allow wide range of movement
Enclosed in fibrous capsule which is lined with a synovial membrane
Describe a synovial joints biological make up
Enclosed in a fibrous joint capsule that is lined with a synovial membrane
Lubricated with synovial fluid which is secreted by the synovial membrane
Lined with articulate cartilage
Supported by ligaments
Knee joints - pads of fat to absorb shock
Describe the movement of a hinge joint
Uniaxial, allows movement in only one plane
Strong ligaments to avoid sideways movement
Describe the movement of a pivot joint
Uniaxial, only allows rotation
Describe an ellipsoid joint
Biaxial, allows movement in two planes
Back and forth
Side to side
Describe a gliding joint
Flat surfaces gliding past each other
They permit movement in all directions
Describe a Saddle joint
Biaxial
Where do biaxial joints occur?
Where concave and convex surfaces meet e.g. The thumb
Describe a ball and socket joint
Widest range of movement
Occurs at a round headed bone into a cup-shaped cavity
Define movement patterns
Action occurring at articulating joints
Describe flexing
Angle between limbs decreases and the agonist conectrically contracts
Define extension
When the angle of articulating bones is increased
Define abduction
The movement of a body part away from the midline of the body or a body part
Define adduction
Movement towards the midline of the body or body part
Define circumduction
When a circle can be described by a body part. It’s is a combination of flex ion, extension, abduction and adduction.
Define pronation
A form of rotation where the palm of the hand turns to face downward.
Define supination
When the palm of the hand turns from facing down to facing up
Define horizontal abduction/adduction
Movement of arm across the body
Define rotation
When the bone turns about its longitudinal axis within the joint
What type of rotation is towards the body
Medial
