Joints And Movement

Question 1

What is the definition of a Joint?

Answer 1

An area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create human movement.

Question 2

What are the six types of Synovial Joint?

Answer 2

Ball & Socket

Hinge

Condyloid

Pivot

Gliding

Saddle

Question 3

Give examples of each synovial Joint

Answer 3

Ball&Socket- Shoulder/Hip

Hinge- Elbow,Knee and ankle

Condyloid- Wrist

Gliding- Spine

Pivot- Spine

Saddle- Thumb

Question 4

What are the planes of movement?

Answer 4

Sagittal

Frontal

Transverse

Question 5

What are the movement patterns at the sagittal plane and give examples?

Answer 5

Flexion- Bending Elbow and Knee

Extension- Straightening Elbow and Knee

Dorsi-flexion-pointing toes up

Plantar-flexion- Pointing toes down

Question 6

What are the movement patterns at the frontal plane and give examples

Answer 6

Abduction- Moving arm at shoulder away from midline

Adduction- Moving arm at shoulder towards midline

Question 7

What are the movement patterns at the transverse plane and give examples

Answer 7

Horizontal extension- Moving arm at shoulder away from midline parallel to ground

Horizontal flexion- Moving arm at shoulder towards midline parallel to ground.

Rotation- articulating bones turn about their rotational axis

Question 8

What are the are the articulating bones at the Shoulder?

Answer 8

Humerus and Scapula

Question 9

What movement is possible at the Shoulder and through what plane of movement?

Answer 9

Flexion/Extension- Sagittal

Adduction/Abduction- Frontal

Horizontal Flexion/Extension- Transverse

Medial/Lateral Rotation- Transverse

Question 10

What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the Shoulder?

Answer 10

Flexion- Anterior Deltoid

Extension- Posterior Deltoid

Question 11

What are the agonist muscles for Adduction and Abduction at the Shoulder?

Answer 11

Adduction- Latissimus Dorsi

Abduction- Middle Deltoid

Question 12

What are the agonist muscles for Horizontal Flexion/Extension at the Shoulder?

Answer 12

Horizontal Flexion- Pectoralis Major

Horizontal Extension- Posterior Deltoid and teres minor

Question 13

What are the agonist muscles for Medial/Lateral rotation at the Shoulder?

Answer 13

Medial Rotation- Teres major and subscapularis

Lateral Rotation- Teres minor and infraspinatous

Question 14

What are the articulating bones at the Elbow?

Answer 14

Humerus, radius and ulna

Question 15

What movement is possible at the Elbow and through what plane?

Answer 15

Flexion and Extension- Sagittal

Question 16

What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the Elbow?

Answer 16

Flexion- Bicep brachii

Extension- Triceps brachii

Question 17

What are the articulating bones at the Wrist?

Answer 17

Radius, ulna and carpals

Question 18

What movement is possible at the wrist and through what plane?

Answer 18

Flexion/Extension- Sagittal

Question 19

What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the wrist?

Answer 19

Flexion - Wrist flexors

Extension- Wrist extensors

Question 20

What are the articulating bones at the Hip?

Answer 20

Pelvic girdle and femur

Question 21

What movement is possible at the Hip and through what plane?

Answer 21

Flexion/Extension- Sagittal

Adduction/Abduction- Frontal

Medial Rotation/Lateral Rotation- Transverse

Question 22

What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the Hip?

Answer 22

Flexion- Iliopsoas

Question 23

What are the agonist muscles for Adduction/Abduction at the Hip?

Answer 23

Add- Adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus

Abd- Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus

Question 24

What are the agonist muscles for Medial/Lateral Rotation at the Hip?

Answer 24

Medial- Gluteus medius and Gluteus minimus

Lateral- Gluteus maximus

Question 25

What are the articulating bones at the Knee?

Answer 25

Femur and tibia

Question 26

What movement is possible at the Knee and through what plane?

Answer 26

Flexion/Extension- Sagittal

Question 27

What are the agonist muscles for Flexion and Extension at the Knee?

Answer 27

Flexion- Biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus (Hamstring group) Extension- Rectus femoris vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis (quadriceps group)

Question 28

What are the articulating bones at the Ankle?

Answer 28

Tibia, fibula and talus

Question 29

What movement is possible at the ankle at through what plane?

Answer 29

Dorsi-Flexion/Plantar Flexion - Sagittal

Question 30

What are the agonist muscles for Dorsi and Plantar Flexion at the ankle?

Answer 30

Dorsi- Tibialis anterior Plantar- Gastrocnemius and soleus