joints and muscles Flashcards
what do ligaments connect?
bone and bone
what do tendons connect?
muscle and bone
what are the 3 muscle rules?
- always cross a joint
- always work in pairs
- always attach at two points (insertion and origin)
what are the 3 types of muscle?
- skeletal
- cardiac
- smooth
insertion
attaches to the bone that moves
origin
attaches to the bone that doesn’t move
types of synovial joints
- saddle (thumb)
- ball and socket (hip)
- condyloid (ankle)
- plane (tarsal bones)
- hinge (elbow)
- pivot (neck)
what does skeletal muscles do?
move bones and other structures.. responds to voluntary messages from the nervous system
what does smooth muscles do?
forms organs to facilitate bodily functions (bladder and stomach).. causes involuntary movements triggered by impulses that travel through the autonomic nervous system
what does cardiac muscle do?
contracts the heart to pump blood.. contracts in response to signals from the cardiac conduction system
how does the sarcomere contract?
- myosin attaches to actin
- the mysoin head pivots/bends, pulling the actin towards the center of the midline of the sarcomere
- ATP attaches to it which then causes the myosin to detach
what is rigor mortis? what happens during it?
once the oxygen supply ends, ATP isn’t released and the thick and thin filaments can’t slide away from each other. The result is that the muscles stay contracted – hence rigor mortis.
what do afferent nerves do?
carry information from sensory receptors of the skin and other organs to the central nervous system
what do efferent nerves do?
carry motor information away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body
what do your muscle fibers need?
An individual muscle fibre is made up of blocks of proteins called myofibrils, which contain a specialized protein (myoglobin) and molecules to provide the oxygen and energy required for muscle contraction.
