Joints and Spaces

Question 1

Quadrangular Space borders

Answer 1

Teres Major: Inferior
Teres Minor: Superior
Long Head of the Tricep: Medial
Humerus: lateral

Question 2

Quadrangular Space contents

Answer 2

Posterior Circumflex Humeral artery and Axillary Nerve

Question 3

Triangular Space Border

Answer 3

Teres Major: Inferior
Teres Minor Superior
Long Head of the Tricep: Lateral

Question 4

Triangular space contents

Answer 4

circumflex scapular artery

Question 5

Triceps Hiatus Border

Answer 5

long head Triceps Brachii, humerus, and teres major

Question 6

Triceps Hiatus contents

Answer 6

Profunda brachii artery (Deep artery of the Arm) and Radial Nerve

Question 7

Sternoclavicular Joint (SC)

Answer 7

between the clavicle and sternum

its a saddle type joint

Question 8

Sternoclavicular Joint Compartments

Answer 8

Articular Discs: acts as a shock absorber at the sternal surface of the clavicle
Joint Capsule: ligaments that surrounds joint to reinforce

Question 9

Ligaments for the Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 9

Anterior and Posterior Sternoclavicular ligament: reinforce the joint anteriorly and posteriorly

Interclavicular ligament: Strengths the sternoclavicular joint superiorly

Question 10

Costoclavicular ligament

Answer 10

Runs from the inferior surface of the sterno-end of the clavicle to the 1st rib
Helps to limit elevation

Question 11

Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)

Answer 11

synoival plane joint

Between the Acromion of the Scapula and the Clavicle

Question 12

Ligaments of the Acromioclavicular Joint

Answer 12

Acromioclavicular Ligament: from acromion to clavicle and helps to strengthen the joint superiorly

Coracoclavicular ligament: anchors the coracoid process of the scapular to the clavicle

Question 13

The two parts of the Coracoclavicular Ligament

Answer 13

Conoid ligament: from the coracoid ligament to the inferior conoid tubercle of the clavicle

Trapeziod ligament: superior to the coracoid process to the trapezoid line of the clavicle

Question 14

Axilla space

Answer 14

• Pyramidal space with a apex, base and four walls
• helps to provide passageway for vessels and nerves going to and from the upper limb
• almost disappears when the shoulder joint is fully abducted

Question 15

Apex of Axilla

Answer 15

Cervico-axillary canal (passageway between neck and Axilla)

Bounded by the 1st rib, clavicle, superior edge of scapula

Question 16

Base of the Axilla

Answer 16

Formed by concave skin, subcutaneous tissue, axillary fascia

Question 17

Anterior border of the Axilla

Answer 17

Pectoralis major and minor

The anterior axillary fold is the most inferior part of this border

Question 18

Posterior border of the Axilla

Answer 18

Scapula, subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus Dorsi

The posterior axillary fold is the most inferior part

Question 19

Medial border of the Axilla

Answer 19

Thoracic wall and serrated anterior

Question 20

Lateral border

Answer 20

Narrow bony way formed by the tubertubercle sucus of the humerus

Question 21

What does the Axilla contain?

Answer 21

Axillary artery and it’s branches, axillary vein, lymphatic vessels, and branches of the brachial plexus

Question 22

Coraco-acromial arch

Answer 22

coracoid process+ coraco-acromial ligament +acromion

important in shoulder joint, and helps prevent superior displacement

Question 23

Glenohumeral joint type

Answer 23

shoulder joint

ball and socket

Question 24

Glenohumeral joint capsule

Answer 24

Fibrous capsule and synovial membrane

The Glenohumeral ligament (different types) strengthenes this capsule

Question 25

Glenohumeral labrum

Answer 25

ring-like, fibrocartilaginous that deepens the cavity Along the posterior aspect

Question 26

Glenohumeral ligament type: Transerve humeral ligament

Answer 26

Run from the greater and lesser tubercle, forms a type of bridge over it (as a canal for the tendon for the long head of biceps branchii and its synovial membrane

Question 27

Glenohumeral ligament type: Coracohumeral ligament

Answer 27

Coracoid to the greater tubercle | helps to strengthen the joint superiorly

Question 28

Bursa: Subacromial

Answer 28

Between the acromoin and coraco-acromion ligament | helps movement of the supraspinatus tendon under the arch

Question 29

Bursa: Subscapular

Answer 29

between the tendon of the subscapularis and the neck of the scapula (Protects the tendon where it passes inferior to the root of the coracoid proces and covers the neck of the scapula)

Question 30

blood supply and innervation to the glenohumeral joint

Answer 30

anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and branches of the suprascapular artery the suprascapular, axillary and lateral pectoral nerves supply the joint

Question 31

cubital fossa: what is it

Answer 31

shallow triangular depression on the anterior surface of the elbow

Question 32

cubital fossa borders

Answer 32

- superiorly is a line between the medial and lateral epicondyle - medially is pronator teres - laterally is brachioradialis

Question 33

cubital fossa floor and roof

Answer 33

floor: branchialis and supinator muscles roof: fasica, skins, bicipital apnoreurosis, median cubital vein

Question 34

contents of the cubital fossa

Answer 34

medial nerve radial nerve biceps brachii tendon the terminal part of the brachial artery

Question 35

functions of the elbow

Answer 35

eating,drinking, combing hair, brushing teeth, talking on the phone...etc

Question 36

carry angle for men and women

Answer 36

men: 5-10 degrees women: 10-15 these angles are in normal position and carrying a bag

Question 37

the three articulations on the elbow joint, that occur within the joint capsule

Answer 37

flexion and extension, unilateral hinge joint: humeroulna joint humeroradial joint gives supination and pronation, pivot joint: proximal radioulnar joint

Question 38

differences in ulna and radius in supination and pronation

Answer 38

in supination they are parrellel and in pronation the radius crosses the ulna

Question 39

collateral ligaments of the elbow

Answer 39

strong fibrous thickening of joint capsule two different types: -radial collateral ligament -ulnar collateral ligament

Question 40

Radial collateral ligament elbow

Answer 40

- elbow - lateral epicondyle and blends into annular ligament - stablizes the joint against varus stress (adduction)

Question 41

Ulnar collateral ligament elbow

Answer 41

- elbow - medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna with three bands - anterior, posterior, oblique - stabilizes the joint against valgus stress (abduction)

Question 42

Anterior band ulnar collateral ligament elbow

Answer 42

tight band in extension | loose in flexion, which could then limit extension

Question 43

posterior band ulnar collateral ligament elbow

Answer 43

tight in flexion (loose in extension)

Question 44

oblique band ulnar collateral ligament elbow

Answer 44

deepen the trochlear notch to help the trochlea sit better in the fossa

Question 45

Annular ligament elbow

Answer 45

- elbow - encircles head of radius in the radial notch of the ulna and serves as an articular srface - almost covers the entire head of the radius

Question 46

oblique cord elbow

Answer 46

- holds radius and ulna together | - damage can cause a loose pronation and supination

Question 47

interosseous membrane

Answer 47

- elbow | - prevetns proximal displacement of radius on ulna (inbetweeen the two bones)

Question 48

Epicondyles and olecranon relation to each other in flexion

Answer 48

they form a triangle

Question 49

Epicondyles and olecranon relation to each other in extension

Answer 49

they are all aligned during extension

Question 50

olecranon bursa

Answer 50

fluid-filled sac that allows tendon to move over the bone

Question 51

supracondylar fracture

Answer 51

- above the condyles | - common in children and older people

Question 52

nursemaid elbow

Answer 52

can dislocate the radial head from the angular ligament