Joints, Kinetics, Goniometry, And Muscle

Question 1

Joints

Answer 1

Hold bones together and mostly permit movement, point of contact

Question 2

3 Types of points of contact

Answer 2

Between 2 bones
Between cartilage and bone
Between teeth and bones

Question 3

Arthrology

Answer 3

Study of joints

Question 4

Kinesiology

Answer 4

Study of motion

Question 5

Structure classification

Answer 5

Based on the presence or absence of a cavity
Solid
Synovial

Question 6

Solid

Answer 6

No cavity

Question 7

Synovial

Answer 7

Yes cavity

Question 8

Functional classification

Answer 8

Based upon movement

Question 9

Synarthrosis

Answer 9

Immovable

Question 10

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 10

Slightly movable

Question 11

Diarthrosis

Answer 11

Freely movable

Question 12

All synovial joints are

Answer 12

Diarthorses

Question 13

Fibrous joints

Answer 13

Lack synovial cavity
Bones held closely together by fibrous CT
Little or no movement (solid joint)

Question 14

3 structural types of fibrous joints

Answer 14

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

Question 15

Sutures

Answer 15

Thin layer of dense fibrous CT that unites bones of the skull
Immovable

Question 16

Syndesmosis

Answer 16

Bones united by ligament
Inferior tibiofibular joint and interosseous membrane
Slightly moveable

Question 17

Gomphosis

Answer 17

Ligament holds cone shaped peg in bony socket
Teeth in alveolar processes
Movement is very minimal but can be achieved over time, synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis

Question 18

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 18

Lacks cavity
Allows little or no movement
Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

Question 19

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 19

Synchondrosis
Symphyses

Question 20

Synchondrosis

Answer 20

Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
Epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and costal cartilages
Immovable

Question 21

Symphysis

Answer 21

Fibrocartilage is connecting material
All discs in the body
Slightly movable

Question 22

Types of solid joints

Answer 22

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints

Question 23

Synovial joints

Answer 23

Cavity separating articulating bones
Freely movable

Question 24

Common synovial joint features

Answer 24

Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Synovial membrane

Question 25

Articular cartilage

Answer 25

Makes surface slippery and smooth Reduces friction Absorbs shock

Question 26

Articular capsule

Answer 26

Surrounds joint Thickenings in fibrous capsule called intrinsic ligaments

Question 27

Synovial membrane

Answer 27

Lining the capsule from inside Secretes synovial fluid Synovial fluid brings nutrients to articular cartilage

Question 28

Special features in synovial joints

Answer 28

Ligaments Articular discs or menisci Bursa

Question 29

Ligaments

Answer 29

Support, connects bone to bone Extracapsular ligaments (outside joint capsule) Intracapsular ligaments (within capsule)

Question 30

Articular discs or menisci

Answer 30

Attached around edges to capsule Allow 2 bones of different shape to fit tightly Increase stability

Question 31

Bursa

Answer 31

Fluid filled saclike structure made by CT Reduce friction between moving structures Skin rubs over bone Tendon rubs over bone

Question 32

Bursitis

Answer 32

Inflammation of the bursa

Question 33

Planar joint

Answer 33

Bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved Nonaxial Side to side movement only Rotation prevented by ligaments Intercarpal/tarsal joints, vertebrocostal joints

Question 34

Hinge joint

Answer 34

Convex surface of one bones fits into concave surface of the 2nd bone Uniaxial Flexion and extension Elbow (talocural), ankle, interphalangeal joints

Question 35

Pivot joint

Answer 35

Rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by the second bone and ligament Monoaxial, rotation Proximal radioulnar joint - sup/pro Atlanto axial joint - turning head side to side

Question 36

Condyloid or ellipsoidal joint

Answer 36

Oval shaped projection fits into oval depression Biaxial, flex/ext abduct/adduct and circumduction Radio carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 37

Saddle joint

Answer 37

One bone saddle shaped other bone fits as a person would be sitting on that saddle Biaxial Flex/ext, abduct/adduct, circumduction Trapezium and first metacarpal, sternoclavicular joint

Question 38

Ball and socket joint AKA modified hinge

Answer 38

Ball fitting into cup like depression Multiaxial, flex/ext, abduct/adduct, rotation, circumduction Shoulder and hip joint

Question 39

More mobility =

Answer 39

Less stability

Question 40

Kinematics

Answer 40

Motion of human body

Question 41

Osteokinematics

Answer 41

Movements of the bones

Question 42

Arthrokinematics

Answer 42

Movements occurring between joint surfaces

Question 43

Kinetics

Answer 43

Forces that produce movement

Question 44

Where does the axis of movement lay

Answer 44

Perpendicular to the respective plane

Question 45

Frontal plane axis

Answer 45

Anterior posterior

Question 46

Frontal plane movements

Answer 46

Abduction adduction

Question 47

Sagittal plane axis

Answer 47

Medial lateral

Question 48

Sagittal plane movement

Answer 48

Flexion extension

Question 49

Transverse plane axis

Answer 49

Vertical

Question 50

Transverse plane movement

Answer 50

Medial/lateral rotation, pronation supination

Question 51

Movements in no plane

Answer 51

Radial/ulnar deviation, plantar/dorsi flexion, protraction retraction

Question 52

Motion

Answer 52

The shape and congruency of articulating joint surfaces determine the movements permitted at various joints

Question 53

2 types of motion

Answer 53

Angular Translatory

Question 54

Angular

Answer 54

Motion occurs around a fixed or relatively fixed axis

Question 55

Translatory

Answer 55

All parts move in the same direction with equal velocity Elevate and depress shoulders Protract and retract scapula