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Anatomy > Joints, Ligaments, Bursa of the Foot > Flashcards

Joints, Ligaments, Bursa of the Foot Flashcards

1
Q

The head of the fibula articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia

A

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

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2
Q

What kind of joint is the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint?

A

Synovial, Plane

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3
Q

Available movements of the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

A
  1. Limited superior glide with dorsiflexion
    - Also get posterior translation of the fibular head
  2. Limited inferior glide with plantarflexion
    - Also get anterior translation of the fibular head
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4
Q

Ligaments of the Proximal Tibofibular joint

A
  1. Anterior ligament of fibular head

2. Posterior ligament of fibular head

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5
Q

Attaches anterior proximal tibia to anterior proximal fibula

A

Anterior ligament of fibular head

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6
Q

Attaches posterior proximal tibia to posterior proximal fibula

A

Posterior ligament of fibular head

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7
Q

The distal end of the fibula articulates with the distal end of the tibia

A

Distal Tibiofibular Joint

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8
Q

What kind of joint is the Distal Tibiofibular Joint?

A

Fibrous

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9
Q

A thickening of the interosseous membrane at its distal end

A

Interosseous ligament

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10
Q

Attaches anterior distal tibia –> anterior distal fibula

A

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

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11
Q

Attaches posterior distal tibia –> posterior distal fibula

A

Posterior tibiofibular ligament

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12
Q

The distal ends of the tibia and fibula articulate with the trochlea

A

Talocrural Joint

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13
Q

What type of joint is the Talocrural Joint?

A

synovial, hinge

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14
Q

What is the ankle joint?

A

Talocrural joint

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15
Q

Talocrural joint’s available movements

A
  • Dorsiflexion

- Plantarflexion

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16
Q

During dorsiflexion, how does the talus move?

A

superiorly

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17
Q

During dorsiflexion, the talus forces the tibia and fibula apart. Which affects what?

A

The proximal and distal tibiofibular joints.

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18
Q

What are the ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint?

A
  1. Interosseous ligament
  2. Anterior tibiofibular ligament
  3. Posterior tibiofibular ligament
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19
Q

Ligaments of the Talocrural Joint.

A
  1. Deltoid Ligament
  2. Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL)
  3. Calcaneofibular Ligament
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20
Q

How many ligaments make up the Delta Ligament? What are they?

A
  1. Anterior Tibiotalar
  2. Tibionavicular
  3. Tibiocalcaneal
  4. Posterior Tibiotalar
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21
Q

Where does the deltoid ligament attach?

What does it check?

A

Medial malleolus –> tarsal bones of the medial foot

eversion of the ankle

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22
Q

What ligament is involved with 95% of ankle sprains?

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

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23
Q

Where does the anterior talofibular ligament attach and what does it check?

A

Attaches: lateral malleolus –> neck of talus

Checks: Inversion (especially in plantar flexion)

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24
Q

Generally, the ligament taut, is the ligament ____.

A

injured

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25
Q

In plantar eversion _____ is taut

A

Anterior ligaments

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26
Q

In neutral eversion ____ is taut

A

All

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27
Q

In dorsi eversion ____ is taut

A

Posterior ligaments

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28
Q

Attaches the lateral malleolus to the lateral calcaneus

A

Calcaneofibular Joint

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29
Q

What does the calcaneofibular joint check?

A

Inversion (when ankle is neutral)

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30
Q

What are the fibres like in calcaneofibular joint?

A

Relatively verticle fibres.

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31
Q

What are two bursae of the calcaneofibular joint?

A
  1. Subcutaneous Calcaneal

2. Subtendinous Calcaneal

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32
Q

What is the A.k.a for the subcutaneous calcaneal?

A

Retrocalcaneal

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33
Q

What is the bursa between the Achilles tendon and the overlying skin?

A

Subcutaneous Calcaneal

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34
Q

What is the bursa between the Achilles tendon and the calcaneous?

A

Subtendinous Calcaneal

35
Q

What are three Intertarsal Joints?

A
  1. Subtalar
  2. Talocaneonavicular
  3. Calcaneocuboid
36
Q

The inferior aspect of the talus articulates with the superior aspect of the calcaneus

A

Subtalar Joint

37
Q

What kind of joint is the Subtalar Joint?

A

Synovial, plane

38
Q

What are the subtalar joints available movements?

A

Inversion, Eversion

Movements are supported by movements at other joints of the foot

39
Q

Subtalar joints are supported by which ligaments?

A

Talocalcaneal Ligaments

40
Q

Articulation between the talus and calcaneus and the navicular

A

Talocalcaeonavicular Joint

41
Q

What kind of joint is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

A

Synovial, Ball and Socket

42
Q

Ligaments of the talocalaneonavicular joint

A
  1. Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament
43
Q

A.k.a for Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament

A

Spring ligament

44
Q

Spring ligament attchments

A

Sustentaculum Tali –> Posteroinferior surface of the navicular

45
Q

What does the Plantar Calcaneonavicular Ligament do?

A

Helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch.

Ligament stretched–> head of the talus can sink resulting in a flat food

46
Q

What is flat food called?

A

Pes Planus

47
Q

The articulation between the calcaneus an the cuboid.

A

Calcaneocuboid Joint

48
Q

What kind of joint is the calcaneocuboid joint?

A

Synovial, plane

49
Q

Ligaments of the Calcaneocuboid Joint

A

Long plantar ligament

50
Q

Where does the long plantar ligament attach?

A

Plantar surface of the calcaneus –> cuboid and the bases of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th MTs

51
Q

What does the Long Plantar Ligament do?

A
  • Helps maintain the arches of the foot

- Forms a tunnel for the tendon peroneus longus

52
Q

The talocalcaneonavicular joint and the calcaneocuboid joint are referred to as…

A

The transverse tarsal joint

53
Q

A.k.a for the Transverse Tarsal Joint

A

Midtarsal Joint

54
Q

Available movements for the Transverse Tarsal Joint

A

Helps increase the inversion/eversion range by allowing abduction and adduction of the forefoot

55
Q

The distal 4 tarsal bones articulate with the base of the metatarsals

A

Tarsometatarsal Joints

56
Q

Type of joint is the Tarsometatarsal Joint?

A

Synovial, plane

57
Q

Available movement of the Tarsometatarsal Joint

A

Limited due to tight binding of bones

58
Q

Ligaments of the Tarsometatarsal Joint

A

Dorsal, plantar, and interosseus ligaments

59
Q

Base of the metatarsals

A

Intermetatarsal

60
Q

Type of joint of Intermetatarsal

A

Synovial, Plane

61
Q

Available movements of intermetatarsal

A

Limited due to tight binding of bone

62
Q

Ligaments of Intermetatarsal

A

The bases of the 2nd through to the 5th metatarsals are firmly bound by DORSAL, PLANTAR, and INTEROSSEUS ligaments.

63
Q

The heads of the metatarsals articulate with the bases of the proximal phalanges

A

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) Joints

64
Q

What kind of joint is the metatarsaophalangeal joint?

A

Synovial, condyloid

65
Q

Available movements of metatarsophalaneal joint

A

Flexion/Extension (toes curl)

Some abduction/adduction/circumduction (splay toes)

66
Q

What are the ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joint?

A
  1. Collateral Ligaments: on either side of the joints

2. Plantar Plate (ligaments): plantar surface of the joint capsules are thickened to form

67
Q

The head of one phalanx articulates with the base f the phalanx distal to it

A

Interphalangeal joints (PIP/DIP)

68
Q

What is PIP/DIP?

A

Proximal InterPhalangeal

Distal InterPhalangeal

69
Q

Available movements of Interphalangeal Joints

A

Flexion/Extension

70
Q

Ligaments of Interphalangeal joints

A

collateral ligaments

71
Q

The bones of the foot form arches, which act as ___.

A

Shock Absorbers

72
Q

What are the three arches?

A
  1. Medial Longitudinal
  2. Lateral Longitudinal
  3. Transverse Arch
73
Q

The arches are supported by.. (4)

A
  1. The shape of the interlocking bones (!!!!mainly!!!!)
  2. The ligaments
  3. The Fascia
  4. The action of the muscles
74
Q

The bones of the Medial Longitudinal Arch

A

Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, 3 cuneiforms, metatarsals 1-3

75
Q

Bones of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch

A

Calcaneus, Cuboid, Metatarsals 4, 5

76
Q

Which arch should not make contact with the ground? What is it used for?

A

Medial Longitudinal Arch, used for propulsion (spring lig)

77
Q

This arch involves the whole length of the foot

A

Transverse Arch

78
Q

Bones of the anterior portion of the Transverse Arch

A

Head of 1st MT to the head of the 5th MT

79
Q

Bones of the middle portion of the Transverse Arch

A

Cuneiform 1 to cuboid

80
Q

Bones of the posterior portion of the Transverse Arch

A

Navicular to cuboid

81
Q

The thick, central fascia on the sole of the foot

A

Plantar Fascia

82
Q

A.k.a Plantar Fascia

A

Plantar Aponeurosis

83
Q

What is the Windlass Mechanism?

A

Toe extends–> Plantar fascia tightens–> Pulls calcaneus anteriorly/distally –> elevates arches –> puts foot in supination

Anatomy (14 decks)

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