Joints, Movement and Bones as Levers

Question 1

What are the 3 types of joints

Answer 1

Fibrous - immovable
Cartilaginous - slightly moveable
Synovial - freely moveable

Question 2

What are the main components of synovial joint

Answer 2

Fibrous joint capsule
Articular cartilage
Synovial membrane/fluid
Ligaments

Question 3

Which joint structure are commonly affected in joint disease

Answer 3

Cartilage - osteoarthritis
Tendon - tendonitis
Ligament - sprains
Synovial membrane - rheumatoid arthritis

Question 4

What are the 3 main types of synovial joints + examples

Answer 4

Ball and socket - hip, shoulder
Hinge - elbow, stifle
Plane/gliding - carpal, tarsal

Question 5

What movements can synovial joints produce

Answer 5

Gliding
Abduction/adduction
Flexion/extension
Rotation

Question 6

How do bones act as levers

Answer 6

Bone = lever
Joints = pivot
Muscles = effort force
Body parts = loads

Question 7

What are the 3 classes of lever

Answer 7

Class 1 - pivot between effort and load

Class 2 - load between pivot and effort

Class 3 - effort between pivot and load

Question 8

What is meant by antagonistic muscles

Answer 8

Pair of muscles that work in opposite direction

Question 9

Why are antagonistic muscles important

Answer 9

Allow smooth, controlled and reversible movement
Stabilise joints and prevent injury