Joints of the upper limbs Flashcards
(30 cards)
What type of joint is the acromioclavicualr joint
What does it connect
Synovial plane joint
Lateral end of the clavicle with the acromion of the clavicle
What cartilage exists within this joint?
What are all synovial joints lined with inside
Fibrous cartilage
Synovial membrane to secrete synovial fluid
What are the three main ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint
Extrinsic- acromioclavicular ligament
Intrinsic
Conoid ligament- runs vertically from the coracoid process of the scapula to the conoid process of the clavicle
trapezoid ligament- runs from coracoid process to the trapezoid ligament of the clavicle
What movements can occur at the acromioclavicular joint?
Slight axial rotation and anteroposterior movement
What occurs during an acromiclavicular dislocation
The two articualting surfaces of the joint are separated typically by falling on an outstretched hand or a direct blow to the joint.
the injury is made more serious if there isan associated ligament rupture. This may require surgery for a full recovery
What is the sternoclavicular joint?
What type of joint is it?
Joint between clavicle and manubrium of the sternum
Synovial saddle joint
What type of cartilage is involved in the sternoclavicular joint
Fibrocartilage
What ligaments are involved in the sternoclavicular joint
Strenoclavicular ligaments (anterior adn posterior)
Interclavicualr ligaments
Costoclavicualr ligament
What movements involve this joint
Elevation of the shoudlers
depression of the shoulders
protraction of the shoulders
retraction of the shoulders
rotation of the scapula
What is the glenohumeral joint?
A synovial ball and socket joint,one of the most mobile joints of the body at expense of stability
joint between scapula and humerus
What cartilage lines the glenohumeral joint?
What is present in this joint to reduce friction?
hyaline cartilage
Synovial fluid and bursae
What two important bursae are found in the shoulder?
Subacromial- located deep in the deltoid and acromion, superficial to the supraspinatous tendon and the joint capsule. Subacromial bursitis can be cause shoulder pain
Subscapular- located between the subscapularis tendon adn the scapula it reduces wear and tear on the tendon during movement at the shoulder joint
What ligaments are found in the shoulder
Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle and inferior)
Coracohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Coraco-clavicular ligament
What movements can occur at the shoulder?
Extension Flexion Abduction (0-15 degrees supraspinatus) 15-90 degrees middle deltoid Adduction Internal rotation External rotation
What occurs during dislocation of shoulder joint
Anterior dislocation (95% of cases)- extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder. posterior dislocation (4%) Inferior dislocation (1%)
What is the elbow joint?
Hinge synovial joint between the radius ulna and humerus It consists of two seperate articulations:
Capitulum to head of radius
trochlea to trochlear notch
What are the clincially important bursae of the elbow
Intratrndinous (within triceps tendon)
Subtendinous (between olecranon and triceps)
Subcutanous (between olecranonand connective tissue)
What ligaments strengthen this joint
What movements occur at these joints?
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Extension-triceps
Flexion- biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis
What types of bursitis may occur at the elbow?
Subcutaneous bursitis- may become infected
Subtendinous bursitis- typically factory workers
What is epicondylitis
Swelling of the epicondyle of tendionous origin. Results in pain and inflammation due to an overuse strain.
Golfers elbow- medial epicondyle (middle of fairway)
Tennis elbow- lateral epicondyle (lateral line of court)
What is epicondylitis
Swelling of the epicondyle of tendionous origin. Results in pain and inflammation due to an overuse strain.
Golfers elbow- medial epicondyle (middle of fairway)
Tennis elbow- lateral epicondyle (lateral line of court)
What is the radioulnar joint?
The two locations where the radius and ulnar join. Proximal (near elbow) and distal (near wrist)
They are both synovial pivot joints
What surrounds the proximal radioulnar joint capsule
What movements occur at both radioulnar joints?
Annualar ligament- hook around joint capsule
Pronation and supination
What is the interosseous membrane?
What are its three main functions?
Sheet of connective tissue between the radius and ulna
Holds radius and ulna together
site of attatchemnt for muscles of forearm
transmits force from radius to ulna
