Joints of upper limb

Question 1

List three types of joint

Answer 1

1.fibrous joints
2.cartilaginous joints
3.synovial joints

Question 2

What example and characteristics fibrous joint

Answer 2

suture- bones of skull
syndesmosis- between tibia and fibula
gomphosis- between tooth and alveolar socket
- no movement
-bones united by fibrous tissue

Question 3

what example and characteristics cartilaginous joints

Answer 3

synchondrosis- primary, hyaline cartilage , temporary union, replaced by bone ; epiphyseal plate
symphysis- secondary, fibrocartilage is separated from the bone by thin plates of hyaline cartilage ;pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints
-slight movement
-bones united by fibrocartilage or hyaline

Question 4

what is synovial joint and characteristic

Answer 4

-joints contains cavity
-subdivided by fibrous or menisci
-articular surface covered with hyaline cartilage
-bones united by capsule and ligaments
-fibrous capsule lined by a synovial membrane

-free movement
-bones united by articular capsule and ligaments

Question 5

what is degenerative osteoarthritis

Answer 5

-rubbing of bones
-thinned cartilage

Question 6

what is inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 6

-bone erosion
-inflamed synovial membrane:gout and rheumatoid

Question 7

What is non axial synovial joint ?

Answer 7

Plane / gliding joint
- articular surface are slightly curved
-Sternoclavicular
-Acromioclavicular
-Intercarpal jt

Question 8

What is 2 uniaxial joint

Answer 8

-hinge jt
-pivot jt

Question 9

What diff and example hinge joint and pivot joint

Answer 9

Hinge jt-movement in one plane
-permit flexion and extension
: humero-ulnar , interphalangeal joint

Pivot joint
-permit rotation
-one bones rotates within a bony
:Atlanto, proximal radio-ulnar

Question 10

What 3 example biaxial synovial joint

Answer 10

Ellipsoid jt
Saddle jt
condyloid jt

Question 11

what joint articulating surface are much longer in one direction

Answer 11

Radio-carpal joint , biaxial jt

Question 12

Carpo- metacarpal joint of thumb under what joint?

Answer 12

Saddle joint , biaxial

Question 13

What characteristics condyloid jt

Answer 13

-consist 2 distinct articular surface, called condyle
-resemble hinge joint
-permit several kind movements
: metacarpo- phalangeal jt

Question 14

What is multiaxial jt

Answer 14

Ball and Socket jt
- Spherical surface of on bone moves within a socket of the other bone
-3 axes
:shoulder jt and hip jt

Question 15

Shoulder joint , articulating bones are ?

Answer 15

-large, rounded head of Humerus
-shallow, pear shaped Glenoid fossa of scapula
- glenoid labrum, deepen glenoid cavity by rim of fibrocartilage

Question 16

Articular capsule of shoulder joint

Answer 16

• margin of glenoid fossa
  -anatomical neck of humerus

Question 17

Capsule of shoulder joint strengthened by ?

Answer 17

-Tendons of rotator cuff
-Glenohumeral ligament
-Transverse humeral ligament
-Coracohumeral ligament
Capsule: thin and lax, allow wide range movement

Question 18

what the weakest area of shoulder jt and accommodate abduction

Answer 18

Inferior redundant part of capsule

Question 19

What characteristics of synovial membrane of shoulder joint

Answer 19

-lines by capsule
-attached to margin articular surface
-forms tubular sheath

Question 20

-Extension of synovial membrane through anterior wall of capsule
-Lies between subscapularis tendon and fibrous casule

Answer 20

Subscapularis bursa

Question 21

What relations of anterior shoulder jt

Answer 21

-Subscapularis
-Axillary nerve
-Brachial plexus

Question 22

What posterior relation shoulder jt

Answer 22

-infraspinatus
teres minor

Question 23

What superior relation shoulder jt

Answer 23

supraspinatus
deltoid
subacromial bursa
Coracoacromial ligaments

Question 24

What inferior relation shoulder jt

Answer 24

-triceps brachii
-axillary nerve
-posterior circumflex humeral vessel

Question 25

shoulder jt- blood supply

Answer 25

-anterior circumflex humeral artery -posterior circumflex humeral artery -suprascapular artery

Question 26

shoulder joint- nerve supply

Answer 26

-axillary nerve -suprascapular nerve -lateral pectoral nerve

Question 27

Shoulder joint sensitive to?

Answer 27

pain pressure excessive traction distension

Question 28

shoulder joints strength and stability provided by 3 factor?

Answer 28

1.Muscle -tone rotator cuff muscles 2.Fibrous - Blending of rotator cuff muscles tendons with joint capsule 3.Bone- skeletal arch

Question 29

instability of join is contributed by ?

Answer 29

-shallowness of glenoid fossa of scapula -weak ligaments jt

Question 30

what is anterior inferior dislocation

Answer 30

cause: sudden violence to humerus when fully abducted -head of humeus tilted downward toward weak part jt -to subglenoid position -then,subcoracoid position

Question 31

What is posterior dislocation

Answer 31

cause: direct violence to front of jt -rare cond -associated epileptic seizures, electrocution

Question 32

what other types of dislocations

Answer 32

-inferior dislocation -intrathoracic

Question 33

what 3 result of dislocation shoulder jt

Answer 33

-loss pf rounded appearance of shoulder -Axillary nerve injury: downward displacement of head of humerus paralysis deltoid -Radial nerve injury: due to stretching radial nerve by inferiorly displaced humeral head wrist drop deformity

Question 34

Articulating bones of elbows joint

Answer 34

humero-radial -capitulum humerus -head radius humero-ulnar -trochlea humerus -trochlear notch ulna

Question 35

Articular capsule -elbow jt

Answer 35

above: margin coronoid n radial fossa medial n lateral epicondyles below: margin coronoid process of ulna anular ligament

Question 36

synovial membrane elbow jt

Answer 36

lines capsule

Question 37

nerve supply for elbow jt

Answer 37

-median nerve -ulnar nerve -musculocutaneous nerve -radial nerve

Question 38

muscle involve in flexion n extension in elbow jt

Answer 38

flexion- 3B , brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialus, pronator teres extension- triceps,anconeus

Question 39

movement elbow joint

Answer 39

normal 5-15 degree away from body male- 170 degrees female - 167 degrees

Question 40

What muscle involved in pronation and supination elbow jt

Answer 40

pronation- pronator teres, pronator quadratus supination- biceps brachii, supinator supination mor powerful than pronation sbb: strength of the biceps brachii muscle

Question 41

articulating bones wrist joint and type of joint

Answer 41

-radius -articular disc -carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum) ellipsoid jt

Question 42

articular capsule-wrist join

Answer 42

above: lower end radius n ulna beliw: proximal row of carpal bones

Question 43

ligaments wrist join

Answer 43

-Anterior ligament -posterior ligament -medial ligament -lateral ligament

Question 44

what characteristics synovial membrane and nerve supply of wrist joint

Answer 44

synovial membrane -lines capsule -cavity does not communicate with inferior radio ulnar jt nerve supply - Anterior interosseous nerve -posterior interosseous nerve -ulnar nerve

Question 45

wrist joint movement consists of?

Answer 45

-flexion n extension -abduction n adduction - no rotary movement due to ellipsoid articular surface -compensated by pronation n supination movement