Joints: Part 1

Question 0

Articulation

Answer 0

Site where 2 or more bones meet

Question 1

What are the weakest parts of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Joints

Question 2

Structural classification of joints are based off of what 2 things?

Answer 2

1. Material that binds the bones

2. Presence/Absence of joint cavity

Question 3

3 structural classifications of joints

Answer 3

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 4

Characteristics of fibrous joints

Answer 4

> Bones join by dense fibrous connective tissue
No joint cavity
Immovable
Type of fibrous joint: suture

Question 5

Suture in fibrous joint

Answer 5

> Immovable
Protects brain
Allow for growth during youth

Question 6

Characteristics of Cartilaginous joints

Answer 6

> Bones united by cartilage
No joint cavity
Type of cartilaginous joint: Symphyses

Question 7

Symphyses joint

Answer 7

Fibrocartilage unites bone

Question 8

What is a ligament?

Answer 8

Connects bone to bone

Question 9

What is a tendon?

Answer 9

Connects muscle to bone

Question 10

Characteristics of Synovial joints

Answer 10

> Bones separated by synovial fluid
Has joint cavity
Includes al limb joints

Question 11

6 distinguishing features of synovial joints

Answer 11

1. Articular cartilage
2. Joint cavity
3. Articular capsule
4. Synovial fluid
5. Different types of ligaments
6. Nerves and blood vessels

Question 12

3 types of ligaments

Answer 12

Capsular: thickened part
Extracapsular: outside the capsule
Intracapsular: deep to capsule, converted by synovial membrane

Question 13

What do nerve fibers do?

Answer 13

Detect pain and monitor joint position and stretch

Question 14

Capillary beds

Answer 14

Supply filtrate for synovial fluid

Question 15

Fatty pads

Answer 15

Cushions between fibrous layer and synovial membrane or bone

Question 16

Articular discs

Answer 16

Fibrocartilage separates articular surfaces to improve “fit” of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear

Question 17

Bursae

Answer 17

> Sacs lined with synovial membrane
Contain synovial fluid
Reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together

Question 18

Stability in synovial joints is determined by

Answer 18

Articular surfaces
Ligaments
Muscle tone

Question 19

Synovial joints: movements allowed

Answer 19

> All muscles attach to bone or connective tissue at no fewer than 2 points

Question 20

Nonaxial

Answer 20

Slipping movements

Question 21

Uniaxial

Answer 21

One plane movement

Question 22

Biaxial

Answer 22

Two plane movement

Question 23

Multiaxial

Answer 23

Three plane movement

Question 24

3 general types of movement

Answer 24

1. gliding 2. angular movements 3. rotation

Question 25

Gliding movement

Answer 25

One bone surface glides/slides over another similar surface

Question 26

Angular movement

Answer 26

Flexion: decreases angle of joint Extension: increases angle of joint

Question 27

3 types of angular movement

Answer 27

Abduction: away from the midline Adduction: toward the midline Circumduction: describes a cone in space

Question 28

Rotation

Answer 28

>Turning of bone around its own long axis >Toward midline or away from it >Medial or lateral