Journal Articles

Question 0

Where is the plexus situated?

Answer 0

Posterior aspect and mostly within the substance of the psoas major.

Question 1

Patient positioning is the same for LLIF and Direct Look. T/F

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What does the plexus lie in front of?

Answer 2

Transverse processes

Question 3

In the lateral decubitus position the plexus is located where?

Answer 3

Dorsal in zone 4

Question 4

What zone is the genitofemoral nerve found?

Answer 4

Zone 2 (L2/3)
Zone 1 (L3/4)
Zone 1 (L4/5-anterior surface of the psoas)

Question 5

Name the segment, innervated muscles, and cutaneous branches for the following nerve.
Iliohypogastric

Answer 5

T12-L1, transverse abdominus, abdominal internal oblique; anterior and lateral cutaneous.

Question 6

Name the segment, innervated muscles, and cutaneous branches for the following nerve.
Lateral femoral cutaneous

Answer 6

L2-3- lateral femoral cutaneous

Question 7

Name the segment, innervated muscles, and cutaneous branches for the following nerve.
Femoral

Answer 7

L2-4-iliopsoas,pectineus,sartorius,quadriceps femoris;anterior cutaneous branches,saphenous

Question 8

Name the segment, innervated muscles, and cutaneous branches for the following nerve.
Short direct muscle branches

Answer 8

T12-L4-psoas major,quadratus lumborum,iliacus,lumbar intertransverse

Question 9

Name the safe working zone for each vertebral level.

Answer 9

L1/2-2/3-3/4(zone 3)

L4/5(zone 2-3)

Question 10

Sensory nerves run freely in the retroperotineal cavity? T/F

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Neuro-monitoring threshold values stimulating _________ are considered safe for advancement through the psoas towards the disc space.

Answer 11

> 10

Question 12

When looking at a radiograph of the lumbar spine demonstrating the division of the VB into four zones, (1-4) anterior to posterior, the relative safe zone is?

Answer 12

Zone 3

Question 13

The risk of motor and sensory nerve injury is present when traversing the lumbosacral plexus with a dilator. T/F

Answer 13

True

Question 14

When finger dissecting through the retroperotineal space, as a reference the lumbar plexus lies anteriorly to the ____________ of the vertebral body.

Answer 14

Transverse process

Question 15

Electrophysiological monitoring is reported not to be useful in the prevention of femoral nerve injury while traversing the psoas muscle with a dilator. T/F

Answer 15

False

Question 16

At what level is the genitofemoral nerve identified on the anterior surface of the psoas?

Answer 16

L4/5

Question 17

The ___________ nerve innervated the cremaster muscle in males.

Answer 17

Genitofemoral

Question 18

The psoas muscle is larger in diameter at which space?

Answer 18

L4/5

Question 19

The lumbar plexus is a retroperotineal structure that can be found lying on the dorsal surface and within the substance of the psoas major muscle. T/F

Answer 19

True

Question 20

When entering the retroperotineal space it is best to gently dissect the retro fat from anterior to posterior? T/F

Answer 20

False. Posterior to anterior

Question 21

Intraoperative EMG nerve monitoring will detect sensory nerves such as the genitofemoral nerve? T/F

Answer 21

False

Question 22

The ________ formed from the branches of L2-3,3-4,4-5 nerves, is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus and was found ________ in the psoas muscle?

Answer 22

Femoral nerve, deep

Question 23

When finger dissecting, found as reference, found at the posterior wall of the retroperotineal space is the quadratus lumborum muscle. T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

At 50lbs of resistance, the Caliber L group achieved a maximum height of ___________mm.

Answer 24

3.24mm

Question 25

If you wanted to see less subsidence in LLIF cases, would you want stronger or weaker endplates?

Answer 25

Stronger

Question 26

How much stronger are endplates with Caliber L versus Coroent?

Answer 26

30%

Question 27

If you wanted more indirect decompression in an LLIF case, would you want more or less distraction in the disc space?

Answer 27

More

Question 28

When examining the foam blocks, which group had more damage? Coroent or Caliber L?

Answer 28

Coroent

Question 29

The most important line in the Kwon-Hunter paper is?

Answer 29

Due to the impaction damage to the endplates, the Caliber-L group exhibited a 30% increase in endplate strength compare to the Coroent group.

Question 30

In the Dr. Kwon and Dr. Hunter paper, the main point of the study was what?

Answer 30

Endplate strength

Question 31

In the Hunter paper with 50lbs of resistance and the goal of 2mm distraction, the Coroent group achieved distraction of _______ while the Caliber L achieved ________ distraction.

Answer 31

1.11mm / 1.57mm

Question 32

``` All of the following nerves are sensory nerves except_________? Iliohypogastric Ilioinguinal Femoral Genitofemoral ```

Answer 32

Femoral

Question 33

What ligament is between the disc space and great vessels?

Answer 33

ALL

Question 34

What is the name of the group of nerves contained within the psoas major?

Answer 34

Lumbar plexus

Question 35

At what level does the spinal cord stop and the cauda equina begin?

Answer 35

L1-L2

Question 36

Where is the typical level you find the bifurcation of the greater vessels?

Answer 36

L5

Question 37

What is the curvature of the lumbar spine?

Answer 37

Lordosis

Question 38

The primary function of a ligament is to?

Answer 38

Restrain motion

Question 39

In a lateral approach, what is between the transverse abdominus and psoas.

Answer 39

Retroperotineal fat

Question 40

What ligament is between the disc space and vertebral foramen?

Answer 40

PLL

Question 41

Name the 3 muscle layers in order upon approach in the lateral position.

Answer 41

External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus

Question 42

In the Dr. Hunter paper, the main point of the study was what?

Answer 42

Distraction ability

Question 43

The ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve yield sensation to parts of the abdomen and groin. T/f

Answer 43

True

Question 43

Before dissecting through the psoas, you should first.

Answer 43

Locate the genitofemoral nerve.

Question 43

Anatomical safe zones are always reliable, as the lumbar plexus remains static even with movement of the patients lower extremities. T/F

Answer 43

False

Question 46

In the Dr. Hunter paper, the main point of the study was what?

Answer 46

Distraction ability