Journal of Systemic Therapies

Question 1

What is the central question explored in the article?

Answer 1

How is it possible to both honor client expertise while also bringing discursive ideas and processes to the conversation?

Question 2

Who are the authors of the article?

Answer 2

David Paré and Mishka Lysack

Question 3

What concept is introduced by Michael White in narrative therapy?

Answer 3

Externalizing problems

Question 4

What does externalizing allow clients to do?

Answer 4

Separate themselves from identity claims imbedded in problematic accounts of their lives

Question 5

According to the authors, what does the practice of externalizing promote?

Answer 5

A move from monologue to dialogue in relation to problem experience

Question 6

What is a potential pitfall of introducing externalizing practices into conversations?

Answer 6

It may lead to monological engagement if the therapist is not responsive to the client

Question 7

What does Shotter (1993) describe as ‘joint action’ in therapy?

Answer 7

Mutually responsive coordination of talk

Question 8

What are the two meanings of ‘discourse’ mentioned in the article?

Answer 8

• Discourse as noun: bodies of ideas and beliefs
• Discourse as verb: the act of performing meaning

Question 9

What is the significance of the linguistic practice of externalization in therapy?

Answer 9

It fosters reflexivity and enhanced choices for action for clients

Question 10

What does Tanja express concern about at the beginning of the session?

Answer 10

Ambivalence and distress regarding a new job offering

Question 11

What role does the therapist play in the externalizing conversation?

Answer 11

The therapist leads the conversation while being responsive to the client

Question 12

True or False: The article suggests that therapist expertise alone facilitates therapeutic dialogue.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The practice of externalizing is a linguistic practice that separates persons from their _______.

Answer 13

identity claims

Question 14

What is a key consideration when inviting clients to adopt externalizing ideas?

Answer 14

Being responsive to their preferred ways of construing problem experience

Question 15

What is the consequence of a monological engagement in therapy?

Answer 15

It duplicates the discursive ills that the therapy seeks to redress

Question 16

What was the purpose of the post-session interviews?

Answer 16

To identify moments where the therapist or client felt new ideas were introduced

Question 17

What is the concept of externalizing talk in therapy?

Answer 17

A conversational process that personifies problems to allow clients to see them more clearly

Externalizing talk helps clients to separate their identity from their issues, fostering a clearer perspective.

Question 18

How does ML describe shyness in relation to self-doubt?

Answer 18

As teaming up with self-doubt, depicting it as a natural trait

This reflects the narrative approach of understanding personality traits as influenced by external factors.

Question 19

What role does the therapist play in the conversation according to Vygotsky?

Answer 19

To introduce new voices and alternate ways of speaking, facilitating a richer dialogue

This helps disrupt the client’s self-enclosed monologue and invites more empowering voices.

Question 20

What is ‘scaffolding’ in the context of therapeutic conversations?

Answer 20

A language-based heuristic providing a framework for co-constructing meanings

It is analogous to a physical scaffold used in construction, aiding in the development of understanding.

Question 21

According to Vygotsky, what is the significance of language in thought development?

Answer 21

Language mediates between the individual and the world, influencing thought development

Vygotsky posits that language is a primary psychological tool for perception.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The Zone of Proximal Development highlights what a learner can do _______.

Answer 22

in relationship with another person

Question 23

What metaphor do Roth and Epston critique in externalizing conversations?

Answer 23

The idea of eliminating or conquering problems

They argue that such metaphors can support dominance and aggression in social relationships.

Question 24

What alternative metaphor do Freeman and Lobovits propose?

Answer 24

Power in relation to the problem

This shift promotes a more collaborative relationship with challenges rather than a combative one.

Question 25

What does the Kan-No-Mushi metaphor illustrate in Japanese culture?

Answer 25

Peaceful coexistence with problems rather than struggle against them ## Footnote This reflects a cultural preference for compromise and coexistence.

Question 26

What did ML realize about Tanja's preferences regarding metaphors during their session?

Answer 26

She preferred a less adversarial orientation towards her experiences ## Footnote This realization prompted a shift in their conversation towards more accommodating language.

Question 27

What does ML compare the oak and willow to in their conversation?

Answer 27

The oak represents rigidity while the willow represents flexibility ## Footnote This metaphor illustrates how adapting to challenges can be more beneficial than resisting them.

Question 28

True or False: The process of dialogue in therapy is finalized.

Answer 28

False ## Footnote Sustained dialogue is dynamic and ongoing, not a singular achievement.

Question 29

What did Tanja describe as a helpful shift in her relationship with nervousness?

Answer 29

To understand and learn from it rather than resist it ## Footnote This reflects a transition from a confrontational to a more accepting perspective.

Question 30

How do externalizing conversations contribute to narrative multiplicity?

Answer 30

By allowing newly discovered voices to enter the conversation, expanding narrative discourse ## Footnote This aligns with the idea that multiple perspectives enrich understanding.

Question 31

What metaphor does ML use to illustrate flexibility in accommodating challenges?

Answer 31

The oak and the willow ## Footnote The oak is strong and rigid, while the willow is flexible and bends without being harmed.

Question 32

How does Tanja view self-sabotage by the end of the conversation?

Answer 32

As a houseguest alongside acceptance, curiosity, and nonjudgmentalness

Question 33

What does Tanja find relief in during the session?

Answer 33

Viewing experiences not as a battle

Question 34

What is the importance of relational responsiveness in dialogue?

Answer 34

It allows for mutual influence and avoids monologic discourse

Question 35

What does Bakhtin mean by 'answerability' in conversation?

Answer 35

Each utterance is a response to preceding utterances

Question 36

What challenge does the responsive practitioner face in therapeutic conversations?

Answer 36

To hold lightly to scaffolding tools and customize them for each unique conversation

Question 37

What does the term 'externalizing' refer to in therapeutic practice?

Answer 37

A technique of objectifying experiences to support clients in dialogue

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Discourse opens the door to many possibilities for the _______ of collaborative dialogic processes.

Answer 38

[micro-examination]

Question 39

According to Anderson, how should not-knowing be perceived in therapeutic practice?

Answer 39

As related to what one does with what they know, not as knowing nothing

Question 40

What does relational attunement enable in therapeutic conversations?

Answer 40

Both the therapist and client to grip and refashion the tools used

Question 41

True or False: The critique of expert knowledge suggests therapists should leave their discursive inheritances at the consulting room door.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

What does the phrase 'difference that makes a difference' refer to?

Answer 42

The introduction of new ideas and practices in therapeutic conversations

Question 43

What is meant by the term 'prosthetic devices' in the context of therapy?

Answer 43

Ideas and practices that support clients in making sense of their experiences

Question 44

Fill in the blank: Every act of responsive communication is a 'note' in a larger and more complex _______.

Answer 44

[song]

Question 45

What does Gadamer suggest is necessary for reaching an understanding in dialogue?

Answer 45

Transformation into a communion

Question 46

What is the relationship between knowing and not-knowing in relationally responsive practice?

Answer 46

A paradoxical combination that promotes dialogue

Question 47

What does the term 'scaffolding' refer to in therapeutic dialogue?

Answer 47

Supportive structures that help clients navigate their experiences

Question 48

What does the term 'externalizing conversation' involve?

Answer 48

Depicting feelings or experiences as separate from the self

Question 49

Fill in the blank: The therapist's openness to _______ in dialogue is crucial for effective communication.

Answer 49

[being influenced by the client]

Question 50

What does Bakhtin emphasize about utterances in conversation?

Answer 50

They are interconnected and part of a larger communicative context

Question 51

What is the significance of metaphors in therapeutic dialogue?

Answer 51

They help clients reframe their experiences and find new meanings

Question 52

Who are the authors of 'Kan-no-mushi: An inner externalization that enables compromise?'

Answer 52

Tomm, K., Suzuki, K., & Suzuki, K. ## Footnote Published in The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy.

Question 53

What is the title of Vygotsky's 1978 work?

Answer 53

Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes ## Footnote Published by Harvard University Press.

Question 54

What is the main subject of Vygotsky's 'Thought and Language'?

Answer 54

The relationship between thought processes and language development ## Footnote Published in 1986 by MIT Press.

Question 55

In which publication did White discuss 'Pseudo-encropresis'?

Answer 55

Selected papers ## Footnote Discusses the transformation from negative to positive cycles.

Question 56

What is the focus of White's 2001 workshop presentation?

Answer 56

Training and its aftermath: A narrative approach ## Footnote Took place in Burlington, VT, on March 18–19, 2001.

Question 57

What is the title of the book co-authored by White and Epston?

Answer 57

Narrative means to therapeutic ends ## Footnote Published by W.W. Norton and Co. in 1990.

Question 58

What type of investigations did Wittgenstein conduct in his 1953 work?

Answer 58

Philosophical investigations ## Footnote Translated by G. Anscombe and published by Macmillan.

Question 59

Fill in the blank: Vygotsky's work 'Mind in Society' focuses on the development of _______.

Answer 59

[Higher Psychological Processes]

Question 60

True or False: 'Narrative means to therapeutic ends' was published by Oxford University Press.

Answer 60

False ## Footnote It was published by W.W. Norton and Co.

Question 61

What year was 'Pseudo-encropresis: From avalanche to victory' published?

Answer 61

## Footnote It appears in Selected papers, published by Dulwich Centre Publications.

Question 62

'Ka amu mātou'

Answer 62

We will complain.