Journey To The Centre Of The Earth Video

Question 0

Geologist suspect what abit the volcanism with Hawaii volcano?

Answer 0

Some remarkable phenomenon that happens deep inside the planet

Question 1

Mt Kilawauai Hawaii is the worlds most active what?

Answer 1

Volcano lol

Question 2

The earths interior is what to scientists?

Answer 2

Inaccessible

Question 3

However in a way scientists have been to the centre of the planet, how?

Answer 3

Probed it to the core

Question 4

Iceland sits on what?

Answer 4

A rift where it breaks on the earths surface highlighting where two plates meet

Question 5

What are the two plates in Iceland?

Answer 5

American and Eurasian

Question 6

How much movement between these two plates in Iceland a year?

Answer 6

20mm

Question 7

In 1960s they discovered plate tectonics, huge leap in learning about the earth. They knew plates were moving but what didn’t they know?

Answer 7

How they moved

Question 8

How did Dan Mckenzie go about understanding how the plates moved?

Answer 8

Knew it wasn’t on the surface, this had been learnt about in detail

So there must be something in the mantle driving the force. This was the first place to look

Question 9

Different waveforms can give information on what?

Answer 9

Different properties of the earth as a whole

Question 10

Scientist began to develop an idea of the interior of the earth. What is the core?

Answer 10

An immense ball of liquid iron, as big as Mars

Question 11

What is the mantle?

Answer 11

Outer layer, composed of solid rock

Question 12

What are the plates made from?

Answer 12

The upper layer of the mantle with the crust thinly on top

Question 13

Leaning the different layers of the earth, core, mantle, upper mantle, crust didn’t show what?

Answer 13

How the plates moved so new approach needed

Question 14

Lurfgernt, Island in Sweden, in 1940 there was a lot of water, what happened to it?

Answer 14

It started slowly moving away

Question 15

Andes Celsuis noticed sea falling in Sweeden, he marked in stone where the sea level was in 1731, from this they can estimate sea level drop a year, what was it?

Answer 15

Over 1cm a year

Question 16

Scandinavia could be what?

Answer 16

Rising

Question 17

Evidence suggest since ice melted 10,000 years ago what ha Scandinavia done?

Answer 17

Slowly rose out of the sea

Question 18

Why has Scandinavia rose?

Answer 18

Huge ice sheet over scandanvia pressed it down into the mantle. Melted quickly. So crust bobbed back. But this suggests rocks of the mantle can behave as a fluid and flow

Question 19

Occasionally volcanoes bring rocks bring what which are what from the mantle, this aids in research?

Answer 19

Small unmelted rocks

Question 20

Eckus selya studies unmelted rocks, what type of rock/crystal can it bring up?

Answer 20

Olivine

Question 21

Tiny sample of olivine put in vice called diamond anvil, to understand, to understand how pressure affects sample what does he use?

Answer 21

X rays

Question 22

They do research to understand what about our planet?

Answer 22

How it’s governed by subatomic particles in mantle

Question 23

The sample may remain solid in lab experiments but what happens?

Answer 23

Intense pressure, disrupt structure of crystals so means materials can flow

Question 24

The mantle is both what?

Answer 24

A solid and a fluid, it's just a question of timescale

Question 25

In lab try to recreate conditions of core, use gun for this. To hit iron target, he is trying to discover how hot it is, what does he find from his gun?

Answer 25

Iron makes a brief flash of light, melting temperature 6200centigrade, 1000 hotter than sun. Core of earth glowing ball of hot iron, 3000km in diameter, where the heat slowly comes out into the earth

Question 26

When you heat a fluid from below what happens?

Answer 26

It starts moving

Question 27

What is convection?

Answer 27

Hot material comes up from bottom, rises to surface, cools comes back again. Is this happening to earth?

Question 28

Name the 3 things which depend on convection happening in Earth?

Answer 28

Thermal properties of fluid Viscosity of the fluid How deep the layer is

Question 29

We know how deep the mantle is from earthquake waves, we know about thermal properties from diamond anvils, good estimate of viscosity from Scandanvia from when ice cap melt. What did this mean for convection in the Earth?

Answer 29

It must convect, in fact very vigorously

Question 30

At mid ocean ridges how does convection work?

Answer 30

Rises, cools makes plates. Pushes apart, sinks back into earth

Question 31

Dan Mckenzie unexpectedly discovered what, by fining a fluid similar to mantles

Answer 31

shines light through syrup onto mantle. Shows image on screen. Shows dark light where hot is rising, white falling. And there is lots of different cells.

Question 32

Analysis of fresh lava samples show what?

Answer 32

When it might erupt next also shows helium 3, which could mean it came from mantle rock risen rapidly deep down in the earth

Question 33

Evidence that Hawaii sits above a mantle plume?

Answer 33

The Gawain Islands themselves form a perfectly linear chain that moves off to the northwest The islands have been carried away by a moving plate, island burnt into a specific plate. There's a ku wiki forming underwater at the moment. Could be start of new island?

Question 34

After realising mantle plume, started to map convective circulation under plates. Red patches plume coming up, where are these plumes?

Answer 34

Everywhere!!!! Hahahah

Question 35

Rising from interior plumes of hot rock push up from interior, 20 years ago not a possibility. Today they are what?

Answer 35

Vital

Question 36

Lava flow Western India, formed Dechan traps. Evidence of volcanism on gigantic scale. In 1995 French physicist looked at magnetic reversals what did he suggest?

Answer 36

There was only 2/3 reversals in magnetic reversal. Proof that whole volcanism couldn't last more than 1milli. Could only cause from a massive surface of a mantle plume head

Question 37

Enough lava in Dechan falls to cover United States, what did French physicist believe?

Answer 37

Could only be result of a powerful new plume breaking crust and over the surface

Question 38

Iceland shows evidence of plume, also shows what?

Answer 38

It changed the motion of the plates

Question 39

Iceland didn't fit into Pangea, why?

Answer 39

Because of the rift connected to Iceland, great mid ocean ridge where ocean basin slowly moving up. Iceland is only above the water because it's held up by a mantle plume

Question 40

About 60milli years ago scotalnd used to sit next to Greenland. Why did it move?

Answer 40

Volcanic plume, split the two continents an they rifted apart. Stretched crust either side, got mantle material came up either side. Rocks in Scotland an Greenland same age

Question 41

The plume from Greenland Scotland may still be sitting where?

Answer 41

Under Iceland

Question 42

When did Dechan Flows happened when, and why?

Answer 42

Found mammals in sediments from flows, 65milli years. Crustaceus period. Also showed extinction of dinosaurs

Question 43

Dinosaurs started disappearing slowly before asteroid. This could have happened from lava flows

Answer 43

Basically remember that shit