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Pharmacology > JRCALC Drugs > Flashcards

JRCALC Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Presentation and Route of Activated Charcoal

A

50g in 250ml - granules or suspension in water
Oral
Max dose 50g

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2
Q

Indications of Activated Charcoal

A
  • Acute oral poisoning and oral drug overdose
  • Ingestion less than an hour before attendance by ambulance
  • Toxbase or NPIS have advised use
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3
Q

Contra-indications of Activated Charcoal

A
  • children under 1
  • more than an hour since ingestion
  • not advised by Toxbase or NPIS
  • vomiting
  • reduced GI motility e.g. opiod users or recent abdo surgery
  • poisoning by: cyanide, petroleum distillates, metal salts, ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, iron salts, sodium chloride, lead boric acid, other mineral acid, malathion, corrosive substances
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4
Q

Cautions of Activated Charcoal

A
  • precautions to prevent aspiration
  • reduced effectiveness of other antidotes
  • alcohol consumption - need to be alert enough to swallow
  • shake bottle before administration
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5
Q

Side effects of Activated Charcoal

A
  • Black stools
  • intestinal obstruction
  • bezoar formation
  • intestinal perforation
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6
Q

Presentation, Route and Dosage of Adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

Pre-filled syringe (1 in 10000)
IV/IO - rapid bolus
1 milligram (10ml) every 3-5 minutes with no limit

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7
Q

Indications for adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

Cardiac arrest

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8
Q

Actions of adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

A sympathomimetic that stimulates alpha and beta adrenogenic receptors
Myocardial and cerebral blood flow increases during CPR and CPR is more effective due to increased peripheral resistance which improves perfusion pressures

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9
Q

Cautions of adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

Severe hypertension may occurs in patients on non-cardioselective beta-blockers e.g. propranolol
Do NOT give repeated doses of adrenaline in hypothermic patients

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10
Q

Contra-indications of adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

None

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11
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of adrenaline (1 in 1000)

A

Pre-filled syringe 1mg in 1ml
IM - antero-lateral aspect of thigh
500mcg every 5 minutes with no limit

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12
Q

Indications of adrenaline (1 in 1000)

A

Anaphylaxis

Life threatening asthma with failing ventilation and deterioration despite nebuliser therapy

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13
Q

Actions of adrenaline (1 in 1000)

A

Reverses allergic manifestations of acute anaphylaxis
Relieves bronchispasm in acute severe asthma
Stimulates alpha and beta receptors

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14
Q

Cautions of adrenaline (1 in 1000)

A

Severe hypertension may occur in patients on non-cardioselective beta-blockers e.g. propranolol

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15
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of Amiodarone hydrochloride

A

Pre-filled syringe containing 300mg in 10 ml
IV/IO - rapid bolus
300mg, 150mg after 5th shock, total max dose 450mg

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16
Q

Indications for amiodarone hydrochloride

A

Shockable rhythm cardiac arrest

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17
Q

Actions of amiodorone hydochloride

A

Antiarrhythmic - lengthens cardiac action potential and therefore effective refractory period. Prolongs QT interval on ECG
Blocks sodium and potassium channels in cardiac muscle
Acts to stabilise and reduce electrical irritability of cardiac muscle

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18
Q

Contra-indications of amiodarone hydrochloride

A

None

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19
Q

Side effects of amiodorone hydrochloride

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Vasodilation causing hypotension, flushing
  • Bronchospasm
  • Arrhythmias - Torsades de pointes
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20
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of aspirin

A

Chewable tablet, oral, 300mg

Give regardless of previous aspirin taken that day

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21
Q

Indications for aspirin

A

Clincial or ECG evidence suggestive of MI or ischaemia

22
Q

Actions of aspirin

A

Anti platelet which reduces clot formation

23
Q

Contra-indications of aspirin

A
  • known sensitivity/allergy
  • children under 16
  • active GI bleeding
  • haemophilia
  • severe hepatic disease
24
Q

Cautions for aspirin

A
  • asthma
  • pregnancy
  • kidney or liver failure
  • gastric or duodenal ulcer
  • current treatment with anticoagulants
25
Q

Side effects of aspirin

A

Increased risk of gastric bleeding

Wheezing in some asthmatics

26
Q

Presentation, dosage and route of atropine sulphate

A

Pre-filled syringe, 3mg, IV/IO

27
Q

Indications for atropine

A

Symptomatic bradycardiac with any:

  • absolute bradycardia
  • low systolic BP
  • paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmias requiring suppression
  • inadequate perfusion causing confusion
  • bradycardia following ROSC
28
Q

Contra-indications for atropine

A

Bradycardia in suspected hypothermia

29
Q

Actions of atropine

A
  • Reverses effects of vagal drive
  • Increases HR by blocking vagal activity in sinus bradycardia, second or third degree heart block
  • Enhances AV conduction
30
Q

Side effects of atropine

A 
Dry mouth
Visual blurring
Pupil dilation
Confusion
Hallucinations
Tachycardia
Dont use small dose as can cause paradoxical bradycardia
31
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of Benzylpenicillin sodium

A

Injection vial of powder for solution, IV/IO or IM, 1.2g

32
Q

Indications for Benzylpenicillin sodium

A

Suspected meningitis

33
Q

Actions of Benzylpenicillin sodium

A

Narrow spectrum antibiotic

34
Q

Contra-indications of Benzylpenicillin sodium

A

Known severe penicillin allergy

35
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of chlorphenamine

A

IV/IO/IM 10mg
Oral 4mg tablet
Oral 10ml (4mg) solution

36
Q

Indications for chlorphenamine

A

Severe anaphylactic reactions after resus

Symptomatic allergic reactions e.g. severe itching

37
Q

Action of chlorphenamine

A

Antihistamine with anticholinergic properties that blocks the effect of histamine during a hypersensivity reaction

38
Q

Contra-indications of chlorphenamine

A

Known allergy

MAOIs in last 14 days

39
Q

Cautions of chlorphenamine

A 
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Hypotension
Epilepsy
Glaucoma
Severe liver disease
40
Q

Side effects of chlorphenamine

A 
Sedation
Dry mouth
Headache
Blurred vision
Urinary retention
Psychomotor impairment
GI disturbance
Convulsions
41
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of clopidogrel

A

Oral tablet 300mg

42
Q

Indications for clopidogrel

A 
STEMI:
-In patient not taking clopidogrel
In patients receiving thrombolytic treatment
Anticipated thrombolytic treatment
Anticipated PPCI
43
Q

Actions of clopidogrel

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation

44
Q

Contra-indications of clopidogrel

A

Allergy
Severe liver impairment
Pathological bleeding - e.g. peptic ulcer or intracranial haemorrhage

45
Q

Cautions of clopidogrel

A

Pregnancy
Patients taking NSAIDs
Renal impairment

46
Q

Side effects of clopidogrel

A

Dyspepsia
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Bleeding (GI and intracranial)

47
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of dexamethasone

A

Soluble tablets or oral solution, dosage depends on age

48
Q

Indications for dexamethasone

A

Croup

49
Q

Action of dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid - reduces sobglottic inflammation

50
Q

Contraindications of dexamethasone

A

Impending respiratory failure

51
Q

Cautions of dexamethasone

A

Distressing the child can increase airway compromise

52
Q

Side effects of dexamethasone

A

GI upset

Hypersensivity anaphylactic reaction

Pharmacology (1 decks)

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