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Pharmacology > JRCALC Drugs > Flashcards

JRCALC Drugs Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Presentation and Route of Activated Charcoal

A

50g in 250ml - granules or suspension in water
Oral
Max dose 50g

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2
Q

Indications of Activated Charcoal

A
  • Acute oral poisoning and oral drug overdose
  • Ingestion less than an hour before attendance by ambulance
  • Toxbase or NPIS have advised use
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3
Q

Contra-indications of Activated Charcoal

A
  • children under 1
  • more than an hour since ingestion
  • not advised by Toxbase or NPIS
  • vomiting
  • reduced GI motility e.g. opiod users or recent abdo surgery
  • poisoning by: cyanide, petroleum distillates, metal salts, ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, iron salts, sodium chloride, lead boric acid, other mineral acid, malathion, corrosive substances
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4
Q

Cautions of Activated Charcoal

A
  • precautions to prevent aspiration
  • reduced effectiveness of other antidotes
  • alcohol consumption - need to be alert enough to swallow
  • shake bottle before administration
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5
Q

Side effects of Activated Charcoal

A
  • Black stools
  • intestinal obstruction
  • bezoar formation
  • intestinal perforation
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6
Q

Presentation, Route and Dosage of Adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

Pre-filled syringe (1 in 10000)
IV/IO - rapid bolus
1 milligram (10ml) every 3-5 minutes with no limit

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7
Q

Indications for adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

Cardiac arrest

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8
Q

Actions of adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

A sympathomimetic that stimulates alpha and beta adrenogenic receptors
Myocardial and cerebral blood flow increases during CPR and CPR is more effective due to increased peripheral resistance which improves perfusion pressures

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9
Q

Cautions of adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

Severe hypertension may occurs in patients on non-cardioselective beta-blockers e.g. propranolol
Do NOT give repeated doses of adrenaline in hypothermic patients

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10
Q

Contra-indications of adrenaline (1 in 10000)

A

None

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11
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of adrenaline (1 in 1000)

A

Pre-filled syringe 1mg in 1ml
IM - antero-lateral aspect of thigh
500mcg every 5 minutes with no limit

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12
Q

Indications of adrenaline (1 in 1000)

A

Anaphylaxis

Life threatening asthma with failing ventilation and deterioration despite nebuliser therapy

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13
Q

Actions of adrenaline (1 in 1000)

A

Reverses allergic manifestations of acute anaphylaxis
Relieves bronchispasm in acute severe asthma
Stimulates alpha and beta receptors

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14
Q

Cautions of adrenaline (1 in 1000)

A

Severe hypertension may occur in patients on non-cardioselective beta-blockers e.g. propranolol

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15
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of Amiodarone hydrochloride

A

Pre-filled syringe containing 300mg in 10 ml
IV/IO - rapid bolus
300mg, 150mg after 5th shock, total max dose 450mg

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16
Q

Indications for amiodarone hydrochloride

A

Shockable rhythm cardiac arrest

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17
Q

Actions of amiodorone hydochloride

A

Antiarrhythmic - lengthens cardiac action potential and therefore effective refractory period. Prolongs QT interval on ECG
Blocks sodium and potassium channels in cardiac muscle
Acts to stabilise and reduce electrical irritability of cardiac muscle

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18
Q

Contra-indications of amiodarone hydrochloride

A

None

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19
Q

Side effects of amiodorone hydrochloride

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Vasodilation causing hypotension, flushing
  • Bronchospasm
  • Arrhythmias - Torsades de pointes
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20
Q

Presentation, route and dosage of aspirin

A

Chewable tablet, oral, 300mg

Give regardless of previous aspirin taken that day

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21
Q

Indications for aspirin

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A

Clincial or ECG evidence suggestive of MI or ischaemia

22
Q

Actions of aspirin

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A

Anti platelet which reduces clot formation

23
Q

Contra-indications of aspirin

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A
  • known sensitivity/allergy
  • children under 16
  • active GI bleeding
  • haemophilia
  • severe hepatic disease
24
Q

Cautions for aspirin

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A
  • asthma
  • pregnancy
  • kidney or liver failure
  • gastric or duodenal ulcer
  • current treatment with anticoagulants
25
Side effects of aspirin
Increased risk of gastric bleeding Wheezing in some asthmatics
26
Presentation, dosage and route of atropine sulphate
Pre-filled syringe, 3mg, IV/IO
27
Indications for atropine
Symptomatic bradycardiac with any: - absolute bradycardia - low systolic BP - paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmias requiring suppression - inadequate perfusion causing confusion - bradycardia following ROSC
28
Contra-indications for atropine
Bradycardia in suspected hypothermia
29
Actions of atropine
- Reverses effects of vagal drive - Increases HR by blocking vagal activity in sinus bradycardia, second or third degree heart block - Enhances AV conduction
30
Side effects of atropine
``` Dry mouth Visual blurring Pupil dilation Confusion Hallucinations Tachycardia Dont use small dose as can cause paradoxical bradycardia ```
31
Presentation, route and dosage of Benzylpenicillin sodium
Injection vial of powder for solution, IV/IO or IM, 1.2g
32
Indications for Benzylpenicillin sodium
Suspected meningitis
33
Actions of Benzylpenicillin sodium
Narrow spectrum antibiotic
34
Contra-indications of Benzylpenicillin sodium
Known severe penicillin allergy
35
Presentation, route and dosage of chlorphenamine
IV/IO/IM 10mg Oral 4mg tablet Oral 10ml (4mg) solution
36
Indications for chlorphenamine
Severe anaphylactic reactions after resus | Symptomatic allergic reactions e.g. severe itching
37
Action of chlorphenamine
Antihistamine with anticholinergic properties that blocks the effect of histamine during a hypersensivity reaction
38
Contra-indications of chlorphenamine
Known allergy | MAOIs in last 14 days
39
Cautions of chlorphenamine
``` Pregnancy and breastfeeding Hypotension Epilepsy Glaucoma Severe liver disease ```
40
Side effects of chlorphenamine
``` Sedation Dry mouth Headache Blurred vision Urinary retention Psychomotor impairment GI disturbance Convulsions ```
41
Presentation, route and dosage of clopidogrel
Oral tablet 300mg
42
Indications for clopidogrel
``` STEMI: -In patient not taking clopidogrel In patients receiving thrombolytic treatment Anticipated thrombolytic treatment Anticipated PPCI ```
43
Actions of clopidogrel
Inhibits platelet aggregation
44
Contra-indications of clopidogrel
Allergy Severe liver impairment Pathological bleeding - e.g. peptic ulcer or intracranial haemorrhage
45
Cautions of clopidogrel
Pregnancy Patients taking NSAIDs Renal impairment
46
Side effects of clopidogrel
Dyspepsia Abdominal pain Diarrhoea Bleeding (GI and intracranial)
47
Presentation, route and dosage of dexamethasone
Soluble tablets or oral solution, dosage depends on age
48
Indications for dexamethasone
Croup
49
Action of dexamethasone
Corticosteroid - reduces sobglottic inflammation
50
Contraindications of dexamethasone
Impending respiratory failure
51
Cautions of dexamethasone
Distressing the child can increase airway compromise
52
Side effects of dexamethasone
GI upset | Hypersensivity anaphylactic reaction

Pharmacology (1 decks)

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