Judaism : Practices Flashcards

Question

Contrasting views to the catholic church on same-sex marriage

Answer 1

Same-sex marriage is fine as the same principles must be done in both opposite and same-sex marriage such as raising your child correctly,loving your partner eternally, staying together no matter the hardships you come across etc.

Answer 2

1) You are lusting for another woman whilst you were/are still married.You can't be selfish but you must respect what you currently have and enjoy every single moment you have with them 2) You "reduce people to sexual objects",you have to not recognise a person for their body,you have to recognise them for their personality,attitude,traits and so much more.Also,you must not degrade someone as if they are an "object" 3) You ruin the significance of marriage and sex by lusting for another woman whilst having a deepened relationship with another,it shows that you dont hold any importance to the marriage

Answer 3

Where the couple plan when they have sex to coincide with the woman’s natural infertile time,this is usually two days after the menstrual cycle and 40-60% effective if done properly

Answer 4

Contraceptive pill

Answer 5

1) Contraception is viewed as bad because of how sperm is wasted which kills new life 2) Pope Paul VI said that artificial contraception is "intrinsically evil" as new life is gone 3) God said to "Be fruitful and multiply" though using contraception goes against God's saying ruining the significance of sex

Answer 6

1) There are multiple different cultures that are pro contraception for their OWN reasons 2) If your wife or husband has an STI and you wouldn't like to spread it but make the marriage fufilled by having sex 3) You may decide to do contraception because of how young the two people are or if they are too old

Answer 7

"Be fruitful and multiply"

Answer 8

1) To have and to hold from this day foward 2) For better for worse 3) For richer,for poorer 4) In sickness and in health 5) To love and to cherish 6) Till death do us part

Answer 9

S- acramental P- ermission E- verlasting L- ove

Answer 10

1) The bride and groom make the vow "till death do us part" meaning they will stay together until one of them dies,this means they arent staying truthful to their vows and lying to God 2) "What God has joined together let no man separate",means that once you are married,you are obliged to love and care for your partner with the vows you had told at the marriage ceremony

Answer 11

- Anyone in the Catholic Church can remarry if the marriage is anulled - Anyone who is in another relationship should not receive holy communion

Answer 12

- Remarriage is recognised as they beleive its a sign of God's forgiveness and willingness to give a new start

Answer 13

1) The bride or spouse did not tell the truth with one of the vows in the marriage ceremony and can prove it was true 2) Fraud,one person in the marriage deceived the other in a type of way with the reason of deception to gain consent in the marriage 3) You or your spouse was affected by some serious circumstances or factors that made you unable to evaluate either the decision to marry or the ability to create a true marital relationship.

Answer 14

1) Go to marriage counceling and talk about their problems 2) Before the marriage,talk about their future plans as husband and wife and see if they both corelate,if not then consider ways that will help you when you marry

Answer 15

1) Living together before marriage is a sin because it violates God's commandments and the law of the church 2) Devalues the significance of sex because you are having sex with someone before marriage which will lead you to become more selfish as a person 3) Ruins your relationships with others because you will begin to see people only sexually which leads you to become unfaithful and lead you towards the wrong path 4) Sleeping together is a sin as it is an intimate act of love which should only be done with your spouse after marriage

Answer 16

1) It creates an evironment where couples can really get to know each other while learning how they function as a unit that shares their life together,it makes them see if they are fit for marriage 2) Some may need to share living expenses and may need to move in to somebodys house and share the living expenses - this can benefit both people 3) Some people may not be ready to commit towards a relationship,so they may test if living together will work out and prove that they both could marry each other 4) You can develop a stronger relationship with one another before getting married to each other by living together

Answer 17

1) There are no female priests as people beleive that women are not suitable for the male figure of Christ as stated in the Biblical Law 2) God appoints all roles within the Catholic church,meaning that you can't claim a right to a role within the body of Christ,especially for sacraments 3) As the catholic church views that the womans image in the catholic church was something similar to Mother Mary

Answer 18

1) If women and men are equal in the eyes of the Catholic Church then why are they not allowed to be a priestess 2) Women can perform just as well as men if they were able to host masses 3) It is unfair that just because of their gender,that women are unable to access the hiearchy of being a priest in the Catholic Church

Answer 19

- "There is neither Jew nor Greek, male nor female, slave nor free, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." - "Nevertheless, in the Lord woman is not independent of man nor man of woman"

Answer 20

The Catechism of the Catholic Church leaves no room for doubt: “Man and woman have the same dignity and are of equal value”. It is beyond doubt that this is not merely a truth to be acknowledged but that it needs active promotion

Answer 21

- Jesus regularly adressed women directly while in public,which was unusual for a man to do an example of this was when he talked with the Samaritan woman at the well of Sychar.The disciples were amazed to see this. - Jesus's regard for the full intrinsic value of women of value by adressing women ina thoughtful,caring manner.Examples of this is when he referred to a bent women as a "daughter of Abraham"

Answer 22

1) Provide a place which feels safest for everyone in the household 2) Providing support by care of one another in the family 3) Learning how to deepen relationships with other in MANY types of scenarios and hardships the family will come across 4) Follow God's plan of us and realise the reason why he put us into this world

Answer 23

1) This is because it is not defined as a "true family" in the eyes of the catholic church which consists of a wife,husband and child,this is because the wife and husband had sex to deepen their relationship and made a child which is a product of their love. 2) Furthermore,it is not encouraged by the Catholic Church for same-sex partners or single partners to be in a relationship as they do not beleive the relationship is "proper" as you cannot have sex with your partner which means the bonds havent gone deeper which means there may not be enough or proper love for the child

Answer 24

1) Having same sex-marriage or a single parent is fine to raise a child because the same principles can be applied to their child such as loving their child,raising him to be an independent and mature child and giving continual support for your child when needed 2) There may of been serious circumstances which had turned the result of them being homosexual or divorced which is why we need to accept them as who they truly want to be

Answer 25

1) Someone being abused/harassed in the workplace because of their gender 2) Someone gaining unequal pay compared to another for their gender despite all of their hard work

Answer 26

1) "God gave men and women identical dignity as humans.",shows that men and women are equal in the eyes of the catholic church too 2) "God loves every human for his or her own sake" shows that God loves every human which will go for the same as God loves everyone no matter the identity and traits anyone has

Answer 27

1) Forming a community of persons 2) Serving Life 3) Participating in the development of society 4) Sharing in the life and mission of the church

Answer 28

The traditional role of a male is to handle the public and economic affairs

Answer 29

The traditional role of a woman is to handle the maternity,education and caring of the family

Answer 30

This may be because of how they are splitting their responsibilities to make the job easier to handle for the parents

Answer 31

The main thing that Catholics should take into account is that if they are still making time up for their child and helping them grow into a mature and independent person

Answer 32

The act of forgiving somebody; the quality of being willing to forgive somebody

Answer 33

Being angry at all the things that oppose God in the world without being motivated by sin

Answer 34

A war declared or waged in support of a religious cause

Answer 35

A war that is deemed to be morally or theologically justifiable

Answer 36

Weapon of mass destruction is a weapon that can kill and bring significant damage to numerous people or structures

Answer 37

A war fought using nuclear (fission and/or fusion) weapons

Answer 38

achieving goals through nonviolent methods, such as symbolic protests, civil disobedience,political protests

Answer 39

The action or practice of inflicting severe pain or suffering on someone as a punishment or in order to force them to do or say something

Answer 40

Methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution

Answer 41

The belief that war and violence are unjustifiable and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means

Answer 42

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims

Answer 43

The action or process of causing someone to adopt radical positions on social or political issues

Answer 44

The suffering or death of a matyr

Answer 45

"But no human being can tame the tongue. It is a restless evil,full of deadly poison.With the tongue we praise our Lord and Father, and with it we curse human beings,who have been made in God's likeness.Out of the same mouth come praise and cursing"

Answer 46

We could either be loving towards our neighbours or resent our neighbours.God teaches us that we are vulnerable to hating our neigbours but we must follow God's path and love everybody

Answer 47

“Peace is what I leave with you; it is my own peace that I give you. I do not give it as the world does. Do not be worried and upset; do not be afraid.”

Answer 48

Jesus answered, “I assure you that if you believe and do not doubt, you will be able to do what I have done to this fig tree. And not only this, but you will even be able to say to this hill, ‘Get up and throw yourself in the sea,’ and it will. If you believe, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer."

Answer 49

Leave there thy gift before the altar, and go thy way; first. be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift

Answer 50

Reconciliation is not merely the result of our own efforts; it is a gift that flows from the crucified Lord, a peace that radiates from the heart of Jesus, a grace that must be sought

Answer 51

Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. And they parted his draiment, and cast lots

Answer 52

“Then Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, if my brother keeps on sinning against me, how many times do I have to forgive him? Seven times?” “No, not seven times,” answered Jesus, “but seventy times seven,”

Answer 53

“After they had eaten, Jesus said to Simon Peter, “Simon son of John, do you love me more than these others do?” “Yes, Lord,” he answered, “you know that I love you.” Jesus said to him, “Take care of my lambs.” A second time Jesus said to him, “Simon son of John, do you love me?” “Yes, Lord,” he answered, “you know that I love you.” Jesus said to him, “Take care of my sheep.” A third time Jesus said, “Simon son of John, do you love me?” Peter became sad because Jesus asked him the third time, “Do you love me?” and so he said to him, “Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you!” Jesus said to him, “Take care of my sheep.”

Answer 54

and forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors

Answer 55

- Learning from the wrongdoings you have done - A stronger connection with God - Appreciation and acceptance of God - An oppurtunity to live without sin - A respect for other peoples opinion - A more peaceful attitude and state of mind

Answer 56

Stop your noisy songs; I do not want to listen to your harps. Instead, let justice flow like a stream, and righteousness like a river that never goes dry

Answer 57

This is the call for individuals to repent.God told His people to take away the songs that they sang when they worshipped Him because they were only so much noise in His ears.

Answer 58

Injustice is wrong as we are all equal under the eyes of the Catholic Church and by creating hierarchies we are not listening to the Word of God,we are all equal as one

Answer 59

It is fine to use violent protest to respond to injustice if the leader acts like a dictator or a leader that abuses those below him as the people are fighting for more peaceful times

Answer 60

People may be against violent protests as it leads to casualties whilst fighting for better days.Additionally,if the violent protest fails the government may make more stricter and harsher rules

Answer 61

Martin Luther King Jr protested peacefully in the american civil rights movement to bring greater equality to the people of America

Answer 62

Just Cause - There has to be a just or moral reason to do the war E.g Stopping tyranny Proportional - The force used in the war must be proportional to the cause. The good must outweigh the harm going to war Behaviour of troops - You must not target the wrong people (civilians) the troops also must be controlled to not let a further war break Last resort - You must try all peaceful alternatives before going to war Right intention - The war must be fought to restore peace or to prevent a greater evil Ressonable chance of success - You must have a reasonable chance of success to win the war to not let lives go to waste Proper authority - The war only can be fought by proper authority of a goverment or United Nation,This rules out civil wars

Answer 63

1 - Creates inequality, only rich and powerful countries can afford the best 2 - WMD production and maintenance is expensive,money should instead be spent on education and healthcare 3 - WMD's can fall into wrong hangs or be to used by unpredictable leaders like North Korea 4 - Violates Sancity of Life, "Thou shalt not kill " and "Love thy neighbour" (Jesus) 5 - Biological and chemical weapons are frequently used by dictators to keep people living in fear and maintain power. - e. g chemical attacks by the government on Syrian people who want to Change the government 6 - There is never a good reason to use WMD as they kill multiple people

Answer 64

- Environmental catastrophe ( Mass bombings and chemical weapons destroy the environment) - Damage to infrastrcuture ( The use of bombs damages the infrastructure) - Refugees ( Wars cause many people to leave their country out of fear)

Answer 65

7700 square miles of forest was destroyed in vietnam. 1955-1975

Answer 66

In WW2 Great Britain had 30% of homes destroyed or damaged.Bombings in London in WW2 with more than 70k buildings abolished,killing 30 thousand people and 1.7 million people damaged

Answer 67

7 million syrian refugees ran away to turkey. March 15 2011-2022

Answer 68

Opposes any form of terrorism.'Terrorism threatens, wounds, and kills indiscriminately; it is gravely against justice and charity. '

Answer 69

Terrorism is effective at getting your message across to the government or leader and force them to talk about the message

Answer 70

- The pope has shown deep love for the poor,and challenged the status quo in many interesting and good ways - Brought greater attention to the persecution of religious minorities ( He has also done a charity match including all abilities and religions to remove discrimination)

Answer 71

1 - Pax Christi (Works for peace based on justice,reconciliation and non violence) 2 - National justice and peace network (Work to a world where people live in peace and harmony,where our common hummanity is respected and all are able to contribute freely to the common good)

Answer 72

Catholic relief services - In September 2017 CRS responded to Hurricane Marine by distributing 7,000 food and hygeine kits to families in Cuba and more than 1,700 kits to families in the Dominican Republic Cafod - Providing refugees fleeing conflict with emergency aid such as food, shelter and cooking equipment

Answer 73

1) The Crusades (Christians and Muslims) to win back holy land 2) Isis/Daesh,trying to make a new Islamic Caliphate

Answer 74

1) Impose domination or political change on another state 2) Resist domination from another country 3) Challenged a threat to 'essential national interests' from another country

Answer 75

Mathew 5:9 - Happy are those who work for peace; God will call them his children Mathew 26:52 - Put your sword back in its place,” Jesus said to him. “All who take the sword will die by the sword

Answer 76

- "Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you." - "Turn the other cheek" - "Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be the children of God" - "Those who live by the sword,Die by the sword!"

Answer 77

- You must fight to protect the civilians in your country,by not fighting you aren't protecting your homeland - The world is not perfect,so we must fight to remove all wrong things from this world - Pacifism is unrealistic as if an enemy would fight you,if you are a pacifist you cannot counter brutality and cruelty without fighting so you would injure yourself and die - Sitting back and doing nothing is morally wrong as you are avoiding to fight for your own country

Answer 78

The church views torture as an "intrinsic evil" that can never be justified. The inevitable harm it does to individuals and to society as a whole allows no exceptions

Answer 79

The Catholic Church promotes mutual respect- radicalisation goes against this because it encourages tension

Answer 80

Matyrs are considered heros for dying for their faith

Answer 81

Judaism, a monotheistic religion developed among ancient Hebrews. Judaism is characterized by a belief in one transcendent God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions

Answer 82

In writing Jews refer to God as either G-D or adonai (Lord) to show respect. Jews believe the name of God is holy and special. To misuse the name is a sign of disrespect.

Answer 83

Judaism is a monothiestic religion - meaning Jews believe there is only one God

Answer 84

God as one means: • Everything in the universe has been created and sustained by God • All morality-beliefs and values come from God • God is a single,whole indivisible being • God is infinite,eternal • God is the only being who should be praised and worshipped

Answer 85

The Shema is a Jewish prayer which affirms the belief in one God

Answer 86

The Shema says from deuteronomy 6:4-5 - 'Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone.You shall love the God your Lord with all your heart and all your soul and with all your might.'

Answer 87

The Shema is important as it expresses the belief in one God, it instructs Jews on how they should respond to this belief in their daily life and it is the word of God

Answer 88

Jews believe that God has given many religious laws to help them live in a way that pleases him. These laws are called mitzvot, and there are 613 mitzvot in the Torah that give Jewish people detailed instructions about many aspects of daily life.

Answer 89

While there is no one Jewish view of what happens to a person after death, many Jews believe that after they die, God will judge each person on how well they have kept his laws. Those who have followed God’s laws will be rewarded but those who have not will be punished.

Answer 90

Shekhinah is the belief that God can focus his presense in a certain place, on earth. This means humans can more readily experience God - not that God is more present

Answer 91

The word Shekhinah comes from the Hebrew word ' shocken' meaning to dwell or to settle

Answer 92

Jews believe that God has no physical form - so shekniah does NOT mean that God is physically present nor that God is split into certain parts

Answer 93

“I beheld my Lord seated on a high and lofty throne"

Answer 94

Orthodox Jews,Ultra-Orthodox Jews and Reform(Liberal) Jews

Answer 95

Orthodox Jews strictly follow laws and practices in the Torah

Answer 96

Ultra-Orthodox Jews very strictly follow the laws and practices in the Torah

Answer 97

Reform Jews believe Jewish laws and practices should be re-interpreted to suit modern life

Answer 98

- Omnipotent ( God is all powerful ) - Omniscient ( God is all knowing ) - Omnipresent ( God is everywhere at once ) - Omnibenevolant ( God is all loving )

Answer 99

Most Orthodox Jews believe God literally made the world in six days - they reject the Big Bang and evolution

Answer 100

Most Reform Jews believe God created the world using the Big Bang and humans through evolution - they embrace science

Answer 101

God sustains the universe - everything needed for life. But, humans have distributed resources (food,water etc) unequally so some people have less than they need. Jews who choose to help those in need are therefore helping fufill God's plan for creation. Fact: There is enough food available for everyone in the world to have 3,000 calories per day.But food is not distributed equally

Answer 102

Free will is the G-D given ability to make our own choice

Answer 103

- As creator of everything, Jews believe that God must have created evil - However he gave humans free will - The choice to do good rather than bad makes the act more significant to God - However, people sometimes choose to misuse their free willl, therefore evil has to exist

Answer 104

The mitzvot are 613 commandments which help Jews to use their free will correctly by providing divine guidance on how to live

Answer 105

They help Jews make responsible choices, and ensure that the results of their choices are good and pleasing to God. This is why Jews believe the mitzvot are important

Answer 106

Mitzvot between man and God are mitzvot that tell Jews how to build their relationship with God. E.g. the Torah teaches that Jews should remember and worship God on Shabbat

Answer 107

Mitzvot between man and man tell Jews how to treat one another and improve their relationship with other people. E.g. the Torah teaches love for our neighbour

Answer 108

For many Jews, thinking about whether there is reward, punishment or any sort of afterlife at all, is unimportant. Judaism focuses much more on people’s actions and purpose in their lives on Earth, rather than ideas about what might happen after people die. Judaism does have ideas about an afterlife, but unlike some other religions, the Jewish faith does not have a single, agreed-upon teaching about life after death

Answer 109

When the early Jewish scriptures were written, many Jews believed that when they died, people descended to a dark place called Sheol. In early Judaism, a place of darkness. In later tradition, it became a place of purification or waiting

Answer 110

Many Orthodox Jews believe that the Day of Judgement, or Yawm ad-Din, will occur after the coming of the Messiah.

Answer 111

Some Jews, including some Reform Jews who do not accept the idea of a Messiah, believe that they will be judged as soon as they die. Others believe they will be judged twice: firstly by God when they die, and secondly by the Messiah on the Day of Judgement

Answer 112

Many Orthodox Jews believe that after they die, each person’s physical body will be resurrected. Therefore, cremation and any action that changes the body after death, like autopsy, is forbidden

Answer 113

Many Reform Jews believe that only the soul will be resurrected. The body is not needed because in life it was simply a container for the soul

Answer 114

Many Jews today believe that God will one day send a Messiah who will lead the world into an age of peace and understanding

Answer 115

The word Messiah, which is Mashiach in Hebrew, means ‘anointed one’. It comes from the time when kings were anointed as a sign of their God-given power.

Answer 116

• The Messianic Age will only start after the Messiah’s arrival on Earth. It is therefore important for Jews to pray for the Messiah, also known as the ‘redeemer’, to come. • The Messiah will be a human being descended from King David, although he will have superhuman qualities and abilities • In the Messianic Age, Jews will triumph over the enemies of Israel leading to the destruction of weapons and people living in peace. • The Messianic Age will be a sign of the end of the world and the physical resurrection of the dead. • The Messiah will rebuild the ancient Temple in Jerusalem and restore the authority to rule over Israel to the descendants of King David.

Answer 117

• Human beings are responsible for bringing peace to the world. Instead of praying for a Messiah, Jews should pray for a Messianic Age, which will be an age of peace. Reform Jews pray for redemption rather than for a ‘redeemer’. • There will not necessarily be a person who is the Messiah • Humans can bring on the Messianic Age by joining together to create a better world. The Messianic Age will not bring about conflict, but peace and understanding between all people • Many Reform Jews do not believe that there will be an end to the world, or that the dead will be resurrected • The rebuilding of the Temple is a metaphor for the Messianic Age where there is peace and all people know God and follow his commandments

Answer 118

The lord said to Abraham, " Leave your country, your people and your father's household and go to the land I will show you."(Promised Land). This lead to Abraham leaving with his family and set out on the the journey.

Answer 119

In return of what Abraham did, God would do in return blessing everyone, make his name great, bless those who bless Abraham, and curse those who curse Abraham and people on Earth will be blessed by G-D . This is Abrahams first covenant

Answer 120

Abraham agreed to G-D that he would sacrifice some of his livestock. In return, God promised to give Abraham children and descendants more than the stars. G-D also repeats the promise of land

Answer 121

G-D makes promises to Abraham but it requires that all male Jews are circumsised at the age of 8 days old.In return, G-D promised Abraham that he would be fruitful and make him the father of nations

Answer 122

- Many Jews that lived in Egypt were slaves - Moses told by God to tell Pharaoh to let Jews go - Pharaoh refuses - God sends 10 plagues each representing an egyptian god - On the 10 plague, angel of death visits egypt and pharaohs first born son dies - So pharaoh frees Jews - These events above are connected to the Jewish festival of the Passover feast - Jews had 24 hours to pack up everything and leave (known as exodus) - After Jews leave Pharoah changes his mind and sets after Jews to stop them - When Moses crossed Red Sea, god parted it so they could cross - As pharaoh pursued them g-d closed the waters and they drowned - The hebrews made it safely across and they found themselves in the desert - Journey lasted 40 years in search for the promised land

Answer 123

After some time in the desert, Jewish people forgot G-D of Abraham had freed them from slavery and began to worship other G-Ds and idols that were prevalant at the time. This created for themselves a golden calf at the foot of Mount Sinai. This angered Moses and G-D,it was at this point in Jewish history G-D gives the 10 commandments (Mitzvot or laws) which were instructions for the Jewish nation.

Answer 124

The Jews had to keep these commands, and when Jewish people Were given these commands by Moses, they responded 'We hear and obey'

Answer 125

The Sanctity of life is the belief that life is holy and precious because it comes from God (seen in Genesis when God breathes life in Adam)

Answer 126

The Sanctity of Life inflences Jewish attitude as the Sanctity of life means only God should begin and end life and that all life should be preserved and protected. Jews show this belief by condemning murder and abortion but also giving blood and having organs donated after death

Answer 127

Pikuach nefesh is a Jewish principle which allows Jewish laws being broken to save life,this emphasises how important life is to Jews

Answer 128

For example, the Jews find the Shabbat very valuable to them as it is a law which keeps the Sabbath day holy, it is permitted for them to save a life (for eg),removing rubble from a collapsed wall to save a child or extinguishing a fire if someone was trapped. This is an example of when breaking the Mitzvot is acceptable

Answer 129

Justice is defined in Judaism as bringing about what is right and fair,according to the law, or making up for a wrong that has been committed.It is important as the Torah gives important guidance on the treatment of the poor and vulnerable,so there is equality in justice. For Jews there is never any reason to ignore justice or suffering of others

Answer 130

E.g - Participate in your community and help those who are traumatised

Answer 131

Healing the world is defined as actions that draws people closer to God. Other Jews believe the term means obeying the mitzvot and trying to become closer to God spiritually. It is important as God created the world, and by protecting the environment or poor, Jews are protecting Gods creations

Answer 132

E.g: - Buying recyclable products or biodegradable products - Buying eco-friendly products - Using renewable sources of energy - Participating in charitable work

Answer 133

Kindness is defined as being kind to others whilst not doing anything that is negative. This is to make sure Jews love themselves and others. It is important as the Torah contains positive laws about acts of kindness to living things, both Jews and non-Jews alike.

Answer 134

E.g: - Helping elderly with groceries - Being kind to friends

Answer 135

A synagogue is a place of worship for Jews. It is also an important centre for Jewish communities where meetings take place and social gatherings happen

Answer 136

The synagogue is the central point for life as a Jewish community- it is where many rites of passages take place. It is important as a place of study e.g. it is where a young boy/girl will learn Hebrew and study the Torah in preparation for their bar/bat mitzvahs.

Answer 137

- Person leading the synagogue has his back to the congregation so he is facing the Ark (Aron Hakodesh) and prays facing the same direction as the congregation - Service conducted in Hebrew - Singing is unaccompanied - Men and women sit separately; traditionally the women sat in an upstairs gallery or at the back of a synagogue which nowadays this arrangement is often replaced with a dividing structure between men and women sitting at the same level

Answer 138

Traditionally the women sat in an upstairs gallery or at the back of a synagogue Nowadays this arrangement is often replaced with a dividing structure between men and women sitting at the same level

Answer 139

Orthodox Jews believe that when men and women pray separately, they avoid distractions or sexual thoughts and it enables the focus to be on the prayers and coming close to God. They believe that a greater level of personal connection with God can be achieved this way.

Answer 140

Within the Orthodox tradition, women have been working towards change in recent times, promoting greater equality, looking at ways of expanding their roles in prayer services, and taking greater community leadership roles. Currently Orthodox rabbis are all male.

Answer 141

Many reform synagogues do not hold daily services, but concentrate instead on celebrating Shabbat and festivals

Answer 142

In Reform synagogues the men and women sit together and the person leading the service is facing the congregation most of the time. The Reform communities allow women to take a more active part than in the Orthodox tradition.

Answer 143

Reform services are shorter than Orthodox ones but tend to be more rigidly structured; there is a set time and all worshippers are usually present at the beginning.

Answer 144

The Reform communities allow women to take a more active part than in the Orthodox tradition. Women can perform all rituals traditionally reserved for men such as becoming a rabbi, publicly reading the Torah, being a cantor and being part of the minyan.

Answer 145

Reform services are conducted in both Hebrew and the country's own language (English in the UK), and the singing may be accompanied by musical instruments. In larger synagogues in America, there is often a choir to lead the singing, but this is not common in the UK.

Answer 146

In a Reform service, most men wear a head-covering and some female worshippers wear a kippah or a hat.

Answer 147

- Prayer hall - Arc - Ner tamid (the ever-burning light) - Bimah (the reading platform)

Answer 148

Jews believe it is good to pray together, but there must be a minimum of ten people present for certain prayers to be said. This is called a minyan .

Answer 149

A cabinet with the Torah scrolls. The ark is the holiest place in the synagogue because it has the sacred writings of Judaism and it represents the original ark of the Jewish people.

Answer 150

This symbolises God's presence and a reminder of the Menorah that was lit every night in the Temple

Answer 151

This is a raised platform which is usually in the very centre- it is used for reading from the Torah and becomes the focus of worship.

Answer 152

The Torah is a very important text and refers to the first five books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy). The Torah, which includes the Laws, is the first section of the Tenakh . The Torah contains the basis of all the Jewish teachings and guidance on how to live a good Jewish life.

Answer 153

- Central revelation from God given to Moses on Mount Sinai in its final form. - They believe it is as relevant to life today as it was on the day it was given. - They try to keep the commandments set out in the Torah in every detail. - They would not try to modify them considerably to bring them in line with modern life or to reject them altogether because they might no longer be relevant.

Answer 154

- Ultimately based on the central revelation from God. - They do not consider the Torah to have been given to Moses at Sinai in its final form, however, but think that it was written by humans over a long period of time, based on their experiences with God and other human beings. - Since humans formulated the Torah and adapted it to changing circumstances, it may contain contradictions and inconsistencies.

Answer 155

- They follow the Jewish laws very strictly from Moses - Their Key practices are observing the Sabbath, eating kosher, and Torah study. - Language of services are in hebrew - Men can only lead the services - Men and women sit seperately

Answer 156

- Reform Jews believe the Jewish laws should be re-interpreted to suit modern life - Language in services depends on what country you are in - Men and women can lead services - Men and women sit together

Answer 157

- Prayer shawl (Tallit) - Kippah - Phylacteries (Teffilin)

Answer 158

A prayer shawl is made from wool or silk, with a long tassel called a tzitzit attached to each corner. It is usually white with blue or black stripes.

Answer 159

The tallit reminds Jews that they are obeying God's word whenever they wear it

Answer 160

The kippah, often referred to as a skull-cap, is a small cap worn by Jewish males as a sign of Jewish identity. It fufills the customary requirement that the head must be covered. Some people also believe that it is respectful to God if you cover your head

Answer 161

A pair of black leather boxes (phylacteries) containing passages of scripture, including some of the words from the Shema. One is fastened with leather straps to the centre of the forehead,the other is around the upper arm in line with the heart This reminds Jews that during prayers their total concentration should be on God and the prayers should be completely from the heart

Answer 162

Allows Jews to ask God for help with personal situations and it means Jews can contact God whenever they want.

Answer 163

Provides a sense of community Connects Jews to their history

Answer 164

For Jews, worship can take place either in the synagogue or at home. It is often more important to practice faith at home. For example, this is the case for the practices related to Shabbat.

Answer 165

One of the key mitzvah is worship, which is a duty as part of the covenant with God. Worship is also important to Jews because it brings the community together.

Answer 166

Worship in the synagogue includes daily services, rites of passage and festivals. Worship at home includes prayers, Shabbat meals and study.

Answer 167

The Shema is a Jewish prayer which affirms the belief in one God

Answer 168

The Shema says from deuteronomy 6:4-5 - 'Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone.You shall love the God your Lord with all your heart and all your soul and with all your might.'

Answer 169

The Shema is important as it expresses the belief in one God, it instructs Jews on how they should respond to this belief in their daily life and it is the word of God

Answer 170

• The core prayer of all weekday prayer services • Prayed in silence, facing Jerusalem • Prayed while standing up • Consists of 19 blessings : - Praising God and asking for his mercy(first three) , asking for his help(middle thirteen), thanking God and praying for peace and kindness(final three)

Answer 171

Shabbat is a festive day when Jews exercise their freedom from the regular labours of everyday Observing Shabbat is one of the Ten Commandments . Jews observe a day of rest to commemorate God resting on the seventh day after he made the world. Shabbat begins on Friday at sunset and lasts until sunset on Saturday.

Answer 172

Shabbat is welcomed with hymns, prayers and psalms called Kabbalat Shabbat. On Saturday morning there is the main service of the week, with readings from the Torah and Nevi'im . The afternoon service on Saturday includes a reading from the Torah as well as prayers.

Answer 173

On Saturday, the Shabbat occurs, this is important for Jews as it is a day of rest. It also reminds them of how God rested after he created the Earth. Jews see its importance through the sense of family and community involvement in the synagogue.

Answer 174

In Jewish homes, a number of preparations are made before Shabbat. The house is tidied and food is prepared, and two candles are placed on the dining table.

Answer 175

Two candles are placed on the dining table. These represent the two commandments received by Moses on Mount Sinai related to Shabbat, which were to “remember” and “observe” the Sabbath .

Answer 176

This is where a family eats a meal together on a Friday evening. Before any food is eaten, blessings are said for the children, and kiddush is said over the wine to make Shabbat holy. Drinking wine on Shabbat shows that this is a joyful, celebratory time. The bread (challah) is blessed and everyone takes a piece.

Answer 177

These private prayers take many forms: Jews often pray as soon as they wake up by using water to purify themselves for the day ahead and thank God for waking them. Many Jews aim for recitation of a morning prayer called the Modeh Ani to be the first thing they do upon waking.

Answer 178

The Tenakh is the main sacred Jewish text and governs all aspects of Jewish life.Often the Tenakh is written TeNaKh.

Answer 179

The Talmud contains rabbinic teachings which interpret and expand Torah law to make it relevant to the daily life of Jews in the first five centuries. For many Jews the Talmud is as holy and binding as the Torah itself. (Rabbinic tradition is laid down in the Talmud is also referred to as the Oral Torah)

Answer 180

Rabbis continue to discuss the Talmud and other rabbinic works to provide guidance on issues that arise within the Jewish community today. For example, as a result of discoveries in genetic engineering and gene therapy, they may discuss questions that are raised about the use of these techniques and the concept of the sanctity of life

Answer 181

1) Land animals must have cloven (split) hooves and must chew the cud. 2) Seafood must have fins and scales. It is not permitted to eat shellfish. 3) Birds of prey cannot be consumed. Only clean birds, ie those that do not consume other animals, can be eaten. Poultry is allowed. 4) Meat and dairy cannot be eaten together, as Exodus says “do not boil a kid in its mother’s milk”. (For example, this means Jews cannot eat cheeseburgers. Often this rule is extended further, so that people have to wait up to six hours after eating meat before they can eat dairy.)

Answer 182

Animals will only be considered kosher if they have been slaughtered in a certain way. They have to be slaughtered in a way that causes the least amount of pain to the animal. This involves cutting the animals' throat with a razor-sharp knife which causes an immediate loss of consciousness and death to avoid prolonged suffering. This method of slaughter is known as shechitah.

Answer 183

A kosher kitchen which is a kitchen in which food is prepared according to the Jewish kosher dietary laws. Some basic elements of the kosher kitchen: Meat and dairy are kept strictly separate. Only kosher ingredients are used.

Answer 184

Jewish rituals mark important stages of life. They often mark a transition from one phase of life to another.

Answer 185

After the birth of a child, the mother must undertake a ritual cleaning and attend the mikveh. A scripture from the book of Leviticus requires the mother to be “purified”. Rituals begin for Jews from birth, with Brit Milah for boys and Simchat Bat for girls.

Answer 186

Bar and Bat Mitzvah ceremonies mark the transition into adulthood for young Jews. At age 13 a boy becomes Bar Mitzvah and at age 12 a girl becomes a Bat Mitzvah. This means that they become responsible for following the mitzvot themselves rather than their parents having this responsibility.

Answer 187

During his Bar Mitzvah, a boy reads from the Torah. During her Bat Mitzvah, a girl may read a prayer from the Siddur. Within Judaism, girls and boys are not thought to hold the same responsibilities. As a result, some rules (such as the requirement to read from the Torah) are less strict for girls than they are for boys.

Answer 188

Orthodox Jews tend not to celebrate Bat Mitzvahs as girls do not have the same responsibilities as boys in the Orthodox Jewish faith. Most Reform Jewish girls have a Bat Mitzvah ceremony.

Answer 189

A Jewish wedding can happen on any day other than Shabbat or one of the Jewish festivals. In all branches of Judaism, weddings may happen in a synagogue or in a non-religious venue, such as a hotel.

Answer 190

Marriage is a two-step process: Step one is a period of engagement where the couple are promised to each other. This usually lasts 1 year and is called the betrothal/kiddush. It is part of Jewish law so it cannot be broken except by a divorce.During this period the couple do not live together, but they plan for their future lives together.Step 2 is the marriage itself with all the ceremonies

Answer 191

In Judaism, marriage shows holiness in everyday life and fulfils the commandment to “be fruitful and multiply” (Genesis 1:22). A spiritual bond is created through the merging of two souls.

Answer 192

The Talmud contains further ideas about life after death. Many Jews now believe that they will spend their afterlife in either Gan Eden or Gehenna. Gan Eden is a place of paradise for the righteous where they can experience closeness with God. Some Jews see Gehenna as a place of torment and punishment. However, other Jews see it as a place of purification where people are shown their wrongdoings so they can learn from them.

Answer 193

Although Jewish sacred texts refer to a ‘world to come’ (olam ha-ba), Jews have always placed greater emphasis on life today on Earth(our actions) than on life after death. For this reason, no single understanding of the afterlife has dominated Jewish belief.

Answer 194

The Torah refers to an afterlife in which Jews will reunite with family members who have died. Whereas, parts of the Tenakh refer to a place called Sheol, where the souls of the dead wait for purification.

Answer 195

The kriah is performed by mourning family members when a beloved one has died, which means that they make a tear in their clothes as a symbol of grief.

Answer 196

The Kaddish is said to help people focus on God at a time when they may feel far from him

Answer 197

Shiva is a period of mourning lasting seven days following burial. Orthodox Jews do not leave the house during this period of mourning. Instead, others visit them and create a minyan.

Answer 198

Losing a parent means that Jews will be in mourning for a whole year. This is known as Avelut, and during this time the Kaddish must be said every day for 11 months.

Answer 199

Certain customs are followed to remember the dead: - Families often buy a gravestone to mark the grave so that the dead are not forgotten. - On the eve of the anniversary of a person’s death, the Kaddish is said and candles are lit. - Often, people will fast and make charitable donations to mark the anniversary of their loved one’s death.

Answer 200

The main event of Rosh Hashanah is the blowing of the shofar.The shofar is a horn, usually a ram’s horn is chosen to remind the Jews of the great sacrifice that Abraham was prepared to make (he sacrificed a ram instead of his son.)

Answer 201

It was the 10th of Tishri, a the day when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two new tablets of stone to replace the ones he had smashed when the Israelites made the Golden Calf.

Answer 202

• Friends and family write cards to each other, expressing the hope that God will inscribe them in the Book of Life. • They also greet each other with the words: “L’shana Tovah” – a good year. • Sweet foods, such as apple dipped in honey, are eaten in the hope that the coming year will also be sweet. • Pomegranates are eaten because they have many seeds. Jews hope that God will increase the blessings of the eater by the same number of seeds. • There is also the custom of eating round chalot (loaves) instead of the more usual plaited ones.

Answer 203

• The meal before the fast begins should be festive. Candles are lit, including Yahrzeit or Anniversary candles, because Yom Kippur is a day on which Jews recite Yizkhor, a memorial prayer for relatives who have died. • To atone for sins, no food is eaten or liquid on the day of atonement • 5 Prayer Services through the day, starting at first light. • The services include: • Prayers to remove all promises and vows • Prayers of confession • Lessons on justice • The reading of the Book of Jonah

Answer 204

This festival is a reminder of the Jews who lived in the wilderness after they were freed from slavery in Egypt around the 7th century BC by Moses. Their time in the desert is commemorated with the building of tent-like structures called sukkah. This is the story from Exodus

Answer 205

God commanded the Jews to celebrate their escape from Egypt by eating unleavened bread (bread without yeast) for seven days each year (Exodus 12:15). The most important preparation for Pesach is to remove leaven (chametz) from the home. This includes wheat, barley, oats, or any grain that has been allowed to ferment or rise. Some Jews also avoid rice, corn, peanuts and beans. Removing leaven recalls how the escaping Israelites did not have time to let their bread rise. Jews clean their homes thoroughly so that not a trace of leaven can be found. Usually the house is so clean that either parents or children deliberately hide some bread crumbs to find and burn to show that all leaven has been removed. Some firstborn males fast on this day in thanksgiving for their escape from death.

Answer 206

At the beginning of passover (pesach which lasts for seven to eight days in march to april) it begins with the Seder , which consists of a service and a meal.

Answer 207

The belief that human beings are uniquely a reflection of God's image and that we are created in his image

Answer 208

That God exists outside of our worldly constraints and physical laws - he is eternal

Answer 209

To look after the world of God, as Christians we have a responsibility to look after the world

Answer 210

The teaching where human life is sacred and is a gift from God. It is to be respected and protected

Answer 211

That God is all-powerful - Genesis 1 creation of the world

Answer 212

- God is omnipotent - God is transcendant - God is the creator

Answer 213

- God has the power to do whatever he wants; he can even create things from nothing. - Genesis 1:31 says everything God made is 'very good'; God is so powerful he can make everything exactly the way he wants it. - Belief in God's omnipotence inspires Christians to trust in God, as they know he has the power to do or change anything.

Answer 214

• God only needs his own word in order to create; when he says 'Let there be ...,' that thing immediately comes into being. God is completely above and beyond the created world - he is transcendent. • The idea of transcendence also means God is beyond human understanding. Christians believe God cannot fully be described in human words, or fully understood by human minds; Gods transendance inspires awe

Answer 215

• God is the only creator, who has created everything.This so significant for Christians because it means they should worship only this one God. • All of creation is special, because all of it has been created by God. Therefore it should be cared for and looked after • Genesis 1:27 shows that God created humans in his own image, which means that humans share qualities with God (like love and compassion). These qualities allow humans to have a close relationship with God

Answer 216

The word of God, inspired by the holy spirit

Answer 217

Into two sections which is the Old Testament and the New testament

Answer 218

The Old Testament describes how God guided the Jews throughout their early history, before the arrival of Jesus. It contains four main sections. Law,history,wisdom and prophecy

Answer 219

The New Testament deals with the life and teachings of Jesus and his apostles (Jesus' closest followers, who became leaders of the early Church). It can be split into four main sections. The gospels, the act of gospels, the epistles, the book of revelation

Answer 220

The books of the prophets used inspired words and challenged the people to remain faithful to God and taught them that God is active in the world

Answer 221

Covers the actions and teachings of Jesus

Answer 222

Letters that were written by the apostles and discuss how to follow Jesus' teachings in everyday life

Answer 223

- Imageo Dei - Dignity - Sanctity of life - Free will - Stewardship

Answer 224

The Catholic Church teaches that human beings were created in the likeness and image of God. The exact meaning of this has been debated. However, all Christians accept that it refers to the idea that humans were made to "resemble" God. This does not mean that humans are like God in appearance, but that they have been given the same mental, moral and social qualities of God. One thing that is made clear is that humans are the only part of creation to have been made in the image of God. Humans are therefore given a higher status.

Answer 225

Catholics will often use the Latin term ‘imago dei’ to describe this unique relationship between God and humans. It singles out humans as those specially chosen by God

Answer 226

From the creation Stories it teaches that we are created in the image and likeness of God. This means all humans are equal as everyone is a part of God's creation and that we should not be mistreated. This teaching stresses the dignity of each human person. Another thing the creation stories teach about dignity is that human relationships are important to God, as by having sex between man and woman is a way of expressing their humanity. This is a sacred act which should not be undervalued.

Answer 227

From the creation stories we learn that we must respect the sanctity of life as it is a gift from God, and that all creation is good because it is blessed by God who 'saw that it was good 'which applies particuarly to human life as it is sacred : This means every stage of life from conception to death must be treated with care and respect

Answer 228

Catholics should understand whilst the stories were written centures ago with different people and understanding,they pass on unchangeable eternal truths about the nature and dignity of human beings. And even though it is presented differently for changing times and tastes, the truth can't be changed.

Answer 229

Christianity teaches that God gave humans free will. This is the ability for humans to make their own decisions. It means that although God made a world “and it was good”, it is up to humans whether they choose to do good or bad deeds.

Answer 230

Catholics should behave freely with the free will we were given from God though we must have the responsibility to respect your own dignity as well as others as we are all brothers and sisters and we are children of God.

Answer 231

From the creation stories it shows God is the creator of all things and that us believers have a duty to respect Gods creation and not destroy and undervalue it. We also must ensure we do our duty well and look after and support the world

Answer 232

Catholics should behave about this about how God told us in genesis 1:28 with the idea of stewardship and that we should care, protect and not misuse creation in any way. It is our responsibility to give the next generation the gift of Gods creation, leaving it as unspoiled as possible

Answer 233

By looking at the world we can figure out what is right and wrong. St Thomas Aquinas developed these ideas into something called natural law

Answer 234

That natural law is found within human nature as well as humanity's search for genuine happiness and fulfilment

Answer 235

Helps Catholics on important issues like: • Sex,marriage and contraception • Abortion and euthanasia • Healthcare and education • Benefits system,Prisons and Governing • Prayer and worship The Catholic Church supports the natural law approach to ethical decision-making, because it affirms that God is the creator of all things and therefore everything has a design and purpose. Humanity was given free will alongside reason, which fulfils God’s purpose for them. By following each of these stages, an individual is following the natural moral law

Answer 236

There are other moral principles that are also associated with natural law, for example to protect and preserve life. This is related to the idea of the sanctity of life, which teaches that all life is holy and sacred, so it should be protected.

Answer 237

Literal and non-literal

Answer 238

Literalists, liberals and conservatives (Literalists are literal and liberals and conservatives are non-literal)

Answer 239

Some Christians are literalists. This means they believe the Bible is the actual word of God. They also believe that Genesis 1 and 2 are true and accurate descriptions of how the world was created and should be taken literally. Literalists reject scientific theories such as the Big Bang and evolution.

Answer 240

Some Christians are liberals who interpret the Bible metaphorically. They accept that the Bible will have contradictions within it, as it was written by humans and so is imperfect. These Christians will accept scientific theories about the origins of the universe, such as the Big Bang theory. What is important for these Christians, is the message of the Genesis account of creation, which is that God created the world, and gave humans a special role, status and purpose in it.

Answer 241

Some Christians are conservatives. This means they do not think the Bible was actually written by God – instead, they believe that the writers of the Bible were inspired by God’s actions. They interpret Genesis 1 as fact but believe each day was actually an era that lasted millions or billions of years. They might see Genesis 2 and 3 as a poetic explanation of how evil came into the world.

Answer 242

Michaelangelo's Creation of Adam and the "Hand of God" by Hildreth Meirere

Answer 243

Shows this is God • Carried by angels • God is in a higher position to Adam like a king • White beard showing wisdom • Wearing white to symbolise purity • Red showing the shape of the brain (transcendant) • He is reaching down Shows this is Adam • depicted as weak and lifeless • small penis to show he is impotent (Powerless)

Answer 244

• Painting is called the creation of Adam although God is not breathing life into Adam through his nose • Why is God white? It is being too stereotypical as nowhere in the Bible that it says what Gods race is

Answer 245

• Crown showing expansion of the universe or demonstrates heaven • A hand coming through the clouds which represents God's hands coming from heaven • The hand is big and light is coming out of it showing the creation of the world

Answer 246

• The hand is doing the work instead of the voice, which contrasts to genesis 1

Answer 247

The magisterium is the teaching authority of the Catholic Church, exercised by the Pope and the bishops

Answer 248

God spoke through the Holy Spirit's inspiration of the Bible, So the Bible is the word of God. However, the Holy Spirit also guides the Church and speaks through the Magisterium. The Magisterium makes the word of God relevant to the modern world, applying the eternal truths that came from God, including the Bible, to the needs of the present day - Believers can trust the teachings of the Magisterium because of fine inspiration of the same Holy Spirit who inspired the Bible.

Answer 249

God has created a world in which humans have a special role as stewards of creation. This means they should look after the interests of the planet and all life on it. This belief is more about living in harmony with nature. When God gave humans dominion over the land, he gave them responsibility too

Answer 250

It is important for all Catholics to take real actions to help protect the environment. Although one person might not be able to make much of a difference, the actions of many people all working towards the same goal will add up to make noticeable progress.

Answer 251

• Throw away less waste • Recycle more • Walk, cycle or use public transport instead of driving • Take part in local environmental projects • Encourage churches to reduce their carbon footprints (e.g. by installing solar panels) • Educate others about the importance of protecting the environment

Answer 252

• Put pressure on politicians to support laws that protect the environment • Support and buy products from environment-friendly businesses • Put pressure on companies to ensure they follow environmentally friendly policies

Answer 253

• Put pressure on governments to implement policies agreed at international meetings (such as Rio +20) • Boycott or help to expose international companies that threaten the environment

Answer 254

Only using natural resources at a rate at which they can be replaced

Answer 255

The sustainability projects aims to redress the imbalance of humans abusing the world and using it to their advantage allowing all aspects of life to prosper. The projects hope is to: • Reverse some of the damage that has been done to the environment • Reduce poverty, by allowing people to live in a more balanced way that enables everyone to share in what nature provides. • Reduce tension in the world as there is less need to fight over this which leads to a greater sense of security.

Answer 256

- Supporting and setting up projects which recognise humans, resources and the environment are all important and interrelated; CAFOD helps all of its partners to ensure that their projects protect the environment - Working with other international organisations to ensure that sustainability is one of the leading approaches to national and international politics and trade - Helping to found the Beyond 2015 campaign, which supported the creation of the UN Sustainable development goals in 2015; these seek to protect the environment and improve peoples quality of life (particularly those living in poverty) by 2030, partly through the use of sustainable projects around the world

Answer 257

Most fundamentalist Christians (creationists) reject the Big Bang Theory and the Theory of Evolution, believing that God literally created the world in six days as described in the genesis

Answer 258

The Catholic Church is not in conflict with scientific theories on creation, and to think that is to misunderstand the stance of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church teaches that science and religion support each other in which together give us a rounder,fuller picture of the universe. Science attempts to explain why the world came about and religion attempts to explain why it came out

Answer 259

Many of our contemporaries fear that a closer bond between human activity and religion will work against the independence of men. By the autonomy of earthly affairs we mean that created things and societies enjoy their own laws and values. In this it is entirely right to demand autonomy

Answer 260

The central Christian belief that the Son of God assumed human nature and became human flesh

Answer 261

The unconditional love of God for everyone, regardless of whether or not they have obeyed his will

Answer 262

God knows what it is like to be human, and this helps Christians to value God's love

Answer 263

The word of God is the Bible which has has a purifying effect upon our lives, eliminating from them what is un-Christ like

Answer 264

God has always existed and always will do. He is not, like humans, limited by time or space

Answer 265

When Jesus was born, God became present on earth as a human and as the second part of the Trinity - the Son

Answer 266

That God is both as human as we are as well as that he is the coming of the Messiah and reigns over the Kingdom of God

Answer 267

The ichthus symbol in Greek letters spells out 'Jesus Christ, God's Son, Saviour, as ichthus is the Greek word for 'fish'

Answer 268

The Alpha and Omega symbol can be used to refer to both God and Jesus and symbolises that Jesus was there at the beginning of time and will be there at the end of time

Answer 269

The Chi-Rho is another early Christian symbol and is the reminder of the death of Jesus

Answer 270

The symbol where God killed Jesus and was able to forgive those who killed him showing the importance of forgiveness. This event is remembered on Good Friday

Answer 271

The teaching authority of the Church, formed of the Pope and Bishops

Answer 272

Proverb-like blessings that Jesus explained to his followers during the Sermon on the Mount

Answer 273

Religious ceremonies or acts, such as baptism

Answer 274

Where Jesus explains to his followers what kinds of human lives are blessed by God

Answer 275

He is three persons : the Father,Son and the Holy Spirit. Together these three persons are referred to as the Trinity

Answer 276

The Word of God

Answer 277

As the Word of God became human in the form of Jesus

Answer 278

Fully human and fully God, we need both as one because without the other it will not properly explain all of God's qualities

Answer 279

"For He sent His Son ... so that He might dwell among men and tell them of the innermost being of God." This shows God is revealed and speaks through Jesus. This is possible because Jesus is the Son of God. He brings salvation to all people. " Jesus Christ, therefore, the Word made flesh, was sent as a man to men!" The Son of God became a human to live among other humans.

Answer 280

"The eternal word became small - small enough to fit into a manger. He became a child, so that the word could be grasped by us." This shows the Word (or Son) of God limited himself to a human form, so humans could come to understand God. " In his perfect humanity Jesus does the will of the Father at all times... Jesus thus shows that he is the divine Logos ... but at the same time the new Adam, the true man" Jesus always knew the will of God because he is God and he always carried out the will of God because he is also the perfect human being.

Answer 281

The Annunciation [Luke 1: 2-38] and Virgin Birth [Matthew 1: 18-24]

Answer 282

• Focuses on Mary's role in the incarnation. • Tells the story of when the angel Gabriel visited Mary. • Gabriel tells Mary she will conceive and give birth to a son, named Jesus, who will be the Son of God. • Jesus will be conceived through the power of the Holy Spirit. • Because it is important to God that humans have free will, God gives Mary the choice of whether or not to be Jesus' mother. Mary gives her consent and agrees to Gods' wishes by saying 'let it be with me according to your word.Gabriel's message is for all believers, as through Jesus' birth God is fulfilling his promises to the Jews. • Jesus is fully human and fully God. "He will be great and be called the Son of the Most High." - Luke 1:32 (NRSV)

Answer 283

• Focuses on Joseph's part in the incarnation. • Tells the story of how Joseph planned to break up with Mary because she was pregnant before they were married. • But an angel visited Joseph in one of his dreams and told him it was right to marry Mary, because her child was conceived by the Holy Spirit. • The angel confirms that Jesus (whose name means 'God saves') is being sent to earth by God to save humanity from its sins. • The angel also calls Jesus by the name 'Emmanuel'. This is a Jewish name meaning God is with us, which confirms that Jesus is the Son of God. "For the child conceived inher is from the Holy Spirit. She will bear a son, and you are to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins." - Mathew 1:20b-21 (NRSV)

Answer 284

• Mary was a virgin. • God worked through human beings to bring about his plan for humanity • Jesus was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit. • Jesus was the Son of God. • The angel Gabriel announced Jesus' birth.

Answer 285

Iranaeus said God is invisible: he is beyond human sight and understanding. But Christians can get to know what God is like through Jesus as he is the Son of God so he therefore displays qualities of God. This means Christians can develop a better understanding of God's nature through examining the life and actions of Jesus.

Answer 286

• For Christians, Jesus was the perfect human being. He always followed God's wishes and perfectly displayed all the qualities that God wants people to have. • Jesus sets the example for all other Christians to follow. By following Jesus' teachings and becoming more open to God, all people can become more 'fully alive, to share in God's glory'

Answer 287

Christians believe that Jesus 'fulfilled' the law. This means that he generally followed the law, but he also developed the law to make it more perfect.

Answer 288

Jesus' approach to the law is shown in the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:1-12), which form the first part of the Sermon on the Mount. This is a sermon (or talk) that Jesus gave to his followers to teach them how to live a life dedicated to pleasing God

Answer 289

The Beatitudes are a series of statements in which Jesus blessed certain attitudes or approaches to living, and said how people with those attitudes would be rewarded

Answer 290

• Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth • Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God. • Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy!

Answer 291

The parable of the Sheep and the Goats is a story in the Bible in which Jesus tells his followers that in serving and caring for other people, they are serving God. It shows Christians how they should respond to those in need. Jesus teaches that caring for people in need is extremely important. By showing love and kindness to others, Christians will be judged favourably by God and rewarded with eternal life in heaven

Answer 292

"I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me, I was naked and you gave me clothing, I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me." - Mathew 25:35-36"

Answer 293

The Greek word ichthus means 'fish. But Christians also use this word as a type of acronym, where the letters represent a series of Greek words that make up the following saying about Jesus: Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.

Answer 294

• In the early days of Christianity, the Ichthus symbol was used by Christians as a declaration of their faith, as it showed they believed Jesus Christ was the Son of God and the Saviour. • At a time when Christians could be persecuted for their faith, they could quickly draw and then erase the fish symbol to show they were Christians, or to indicate where Christian meetings were being held

Answer 295

Alpha (A) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. Omega (2) is the last letter

Answer 296

• They are used to indicate that God and Jesus are involved in everything from beginning to end. • They have been used in Christianity since at least the first century; they are referred to in the Book of Revelation. • The symbols are used in many places in churches, vestments and Christian art. But they have a special place on the Paschal candle the candle lit at the Easter Vigil to represent the Risen Christ

Answer 297

The Chi-Rho symbol is a monogram formed from the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ, when written in capitals

Answer 298

• For Christians the symbol is a reminder of the death of Jesus. • It reminds Christians that Jesus was sent by God to save humanity through his death (see page 65). • Because of this, the symbol has great power to inspire Christians. • Many Christians may wear the Chi-Rho as an alternative to the cross or crucifix, as an expression of their faith

Answer 299

• Jesus is looking over the world • Hands showing Jesus welcoming everyone showing his love • Jesus is MUCH larger than people showing his dignity

Answer 300

• Holes on his hand showing us his humanity and reminding us of his suffering • Yellow hear to symbolise it being on fire which shows his love for us • Sacred heart to show his undying love for mankind • Shows the individual love he has for us though dying for removing our sins • The body and face being healed showing resurrection

Answer 301

• Crucifix to remind us about the agony though also the redemption of Christ

Answer 302

• God has taken on the limitations of human nature. It is therefor acceptable to reflect God in this limited form. • As Jesus was a Full human being, he can also be shown in numan Form, he also is God so therefore it is acceptable to use human images to depict God • While we do not have any evidence of what Jesus looked like, We know that he was a man with all the human qualities-Any representation of Jesus that captures these qualities has value. • Artistic representations can hup people focus on spirtual ideas and aspects of God's work. As a focus for prayer and inspiration, they have a very positive role in religious life • 'The incarnation has given Christians the right to use statues and art forms to show God at work'

Answer 303

• God is infinite . It is not possible to show the infinite using finite (limited) means like art • Some Christian groups (e.g Methodists and Baptists) believe that the second commandment forbids people to make ary form of statue or artistic representation of God. Said in Exodus 20: 4-5 (NRSV) " You shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the carth. You shall not bow down to them or worship them." • Even though you may be using the painting or statue as a stimulus for the prayer of God, other people can get the impression that the statue or image is actually bring worshipped as a God

Answer 304

From the moment of conception, a new human being begins to exist and therefore killing it is wrong

Answer 305

Imago Dei where we are all made in the image of God includes unborn children, from the very first moment of conception. God also told us to be fruitful and multiply

Answer 306

Elizabeth's baby, John the Baptist recognised the presence of Jesus in Mary's womb and has leapt for joy at his presence. John is about six months old and Jesus is a few days old showing a human being exists from the moment of conception

Answer 307

The teaching where human life is sacred and is a gift from God. It is to be respected and protected

Answer 308

- Baptism - Eucharist - Reconciliation - Sacrament of the sick

Answer 309

The pouring of water

Answer 310

The cleansing of sins

Answer 311

" I baptise you in the name of the father and of the son and of the holy spirit "

Answer 312

The recieving of the consecrated bread and wine, the body of Christ

Answer 313

Recieving the fullness of Christ

Answer 314

" This is my body this is my blood "

Answer 315

The laying on of hands

Answer 316

The passing on of God's power of forgiveness

Answer 317

" I absolve you from your sins in the name of the father and of the son and of the holy spirit "

Answer 318

The consent

Answer 319

Strengthening and forgiveness

Answer 320

" Through this holy annointing may the Lord in his love and mercy help you with the grace of the Holy Spirit. May the Lord who frees you from sin save you and raise up. Amen. "

Answer 321

A sacrament is a sign of God's love • The world and everything in ti is a sign of God's love. • God's presence and love can be seen throughout the world

Answer 322

Pours out from the Trinity and gives life to all things and is the love that unites the three Persons of the Trinity

Answer 323

- Jesus helped to bring God's love and presence into the world. This makes the world sacramental in nature. - Since Jesus has lived on earth,people can see God as a living and active presence. - Even though Jesus is no longer present on earth, his spirit is still active, sharing God's love with all people.

Answer 324

The idea that God is one, but can be experienced in three different Persons,the father,the son and the holy spirit in the world / universe

Answer 325

The idea of missionary work, where Christians travel to an area to provide aid or education. Missionary work often includes an element of evangelism

Answer 326

A Christian sacrament, where people are welcomed into the family of God

Answer 327

The idea that God is one, but can be experienced in three different Persons,the father,the son and the holy spirit and how they relate to each other in Godhead

Answer 328

Preaching the gospel (the good news about God) to convert people to the Christian faith

Answer 329

That Jesus is of the same nature as God the Father, the scripture records that Jesus is divine

Answer 330

The Magisterium is the Pope and all the bishops in the Church

Answer 331

- To interpret the Word of God - Ensure that the Church remains faithful to the teachings of Christ and the Apostles - Helps the church grow in its understanding of the faith

Answer 332

When bishops are appointed the laying on of hands it also passes on the apostolic authority. This means that the bishops are appointed as successors to the apostles - hence 'apostolic succession .'

Answer 333

Official declarations of faith by the Pope are accepted as infallible (without error) as catholics believe that it is the Holy Spirit guiding the Church

Answer 334

The decisions of the Magisterium that should be accepted by catholics

Answer 335

A belief that goes against the accepted teaching of the Church

Answer 336

Being totally submerged under water - Symbolised joining Jesus in the tomb after he died Rising up out of the water - Joining in with Jesus resurrection, to begin a new life as a Christian Use of water - Symbolises the Holy Spirit. During baptism a person is filled with the Holy Spirit, who sustains the believer's faith and commitment to God. This is the same Spirit that filled Jesus during his baptism

Answer 337

- It shares the life of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit with the person - It fills the person with the Holy Spirit, to give them the strength to resist evil - For most Christians it is the sacrament or sign of initiation through which a person becomes a member of the Church, a child of God - It is a pledge that the person will join God in heaven after they die - It cleanses a person of all their sins

Answer 338

God the Father is the creator of all things - "I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth"

Answer 339

Like God the Father, God the Son is eternal - "The Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages" There is no distinction in nature between the Father and the Son - "Consubstantial with the Father" The Son took on the limitations of human nature to become Jesus Jesus had a human mother but was conceived by the Holy Spirit - "By the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man" The Son became human out of love for all people, to save them from being separated from God by sin He suffered and died as a human being - "For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day" After he died, Jesus rose into heaven to take his place as the Son of God Jesus did not become God at the resurrection; he had always been God, but had just limited himself to a human nature while on earth - "He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father"

Answer 340

The Holy Spirit gives life to all things - "I believe in the Holy Spirit,the Lord,the giver of life" The Holy Spirit comes from both the Father and the Son, uniting - "Who proceeds from the Father and the Son" The Holy Spirit is equal in majesty and power to the Father and the Son - "Who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified" The Holy Spirit inspires people to let them know the will of God - "Who has spoken through the prophets"

Answer 341

Genesis 1:1-3 and Deuteronomy 6:4-5

Answer 342

It tells how God created the universe. All three Persons shared in the act of creation

Answer 343

"In the beginning when God created the heavens and the earth, the earth was a formless void and darkness covered the face of the deep, while a wind from God swept over the face of the waters. Then God said, 'Let there be light'; and there was light." Genesis 1:1-3

Answer 344

- The word 'God' here is referring to the Father; the Father created the universe. - The phrase 'wind from God' can also be translated as 'breath' or 'spirit. This shows that the Holy Spirit was involved in the creation of the universe. - God created the universe with the power of his Word. Christians interpret this as a reference to the Son (or Word) of God - So God the Father, through God the Son (the Word of God), created the universe with the power of the Holy Spirit.

Answer 345

Mathew 3:16-17 and Galatians 4:6-7

Answer 346

The baptism of Jesus

Answer 347

"And when Jesus had been baptised, just as he came up from the water, suddenly the heavens were opened to him and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and alighting on him. And a voice from heaven said, 'This is my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased.'"

Answer 348

When God reveals himself as the Trinity

Answer 349

For Christians, it shows there really are three Persons who all coexist at the same time - not just one Person who sometimes appears as the Father and at other times as the Son or Holy Spirit

Answer 350

"And because you are children, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, 'Abba! Father!'"

Answer 351

- This verse helps to explain the relationship between the Trinity and a Christian - Christians are God's children and brothers or sisters to Jesus - God the Father pours out the Holy Spirit into a Christian's heart - This is the love that unites the Father and the Son,and it fills the person with grace

Answer 352

- Council of Nicea - Council of Constantinople

Answer 353

- At the start of the fourth century, a priest called Arius was teaching that only God the Father was eternal, not God the Son - The bishops called a Council to discuss this idea

Answer 354

• The Son is eternally begotten from the Father • The Father and Son have always co-existed together • They are both equal and of the same nature

Answer 355

Further disputes about the nature of the Trinity, including the nature of Jesus, led the bishops to call a second Council to reaffirm Catholic beliefs

Answer 356

• The Holy Spirit is the Third Person of the Trinity and fully God • Jesus is both fully God and fully human

Answer 357

St Augustine and Catherine La Cugna

Answer 358

"True love is: a trinity of lover, beloved and the one that binds them together into one."

Answer 359

• Love can't exist on its own - there must be someone to give it and recieve it • Therefore to have love there must be three things: the person who loves, the person who is loved and the love that unites them • The Father loves the Son and the Son loves the Father; the love that unites them is the Holy Spirit • The Holy Spirit pours out into the hearts and lives of believers, sharing God's love with all people

Answer 360

• The Son is continually eternally coming from the father • The Holy Spirit is the love that eterally unites the Father and the Son • The Father and the Son constantly flows outwards into the whole of creation • In order to bring redemption, the son comes from the Father to save humanity • The Holy Spirit (God's love) is continually guiding us believers towards the Father • Once redemption is complete , all things will be brought back to God through the Father, Son and Holy Spirit

Answer 361

Augustine mainly focused on the relationship within the Trinity. He said that understanding this is essential for understanding God. In contrast to St Augustine, LaCugna placed more importance on the outward effects of the Trinity. She thought the best way to know God is through understanding God's actions in people's lives.

Answer 362

Sacrosanctum Concillium 112

Answer 363

"Sacred music is to be considered the more holy in proportion as it is more closely connected with the liturgical action, whether it adds delight to prayer, fosters unity of minds, or confers greater solemnity upon the sacred rites."

Answer 364

"Sacred song united to the words... forms a necessary or integral part of the solemn liturgy."

Answer 365

The Psalms is from the Old Testament with 150 pieces of poetry that were originally written down to be sung during Jewish prayer and Christian prayer

Answer 366

The psalms are centred around the praise of God, though they touch on all aspects of life: sickness, seeking forgiveness, praying for the harvest and so on. The psalms acknowledge that everything people have comes from God, and without God they are nothing

Answer 367

Singing for joy.Joy comes from knowing that God is with his people, guiding them and protecting them

Answer 368

Psalms form the basis and inspiration of many hymns used in church for example: • 'The Lord's my Shepherd' is based on Psalm 23 • 'On Eagle's wings' Psalm 80 • 'Sing to the Mountains, Sing to the Sea' is based on Psalm 118

Answer 369

An ancient form of song, usually unaccompanied, which uses a limited range of notes

Answer 370

• Voice only - acapella • Simple rythym not a complex melody • In latin • Only male

Answer 371

• Our father • Lord have mercy

Answer 372

To show specific parts of the mass beautiful and important

Answer 373

Religious songs that have been used by believers over generations

Answer 374

• Voice and instruments - organ • Sung by the congregation • Simple and easy to learn (similar to a poem) • Sung in english • Adds understanding to life

Answer 375

• Soul of my saviour • Here I am Lord • Guide me O thou great redeemer

Answer 376

• Teaches the meaning of mass • Encouraged singing

Answer 377

Religious songs that have been written recently for the praise of God, often using modern instruments

Answer 378

• Voice and using a variety of instruments that sound like pop music • Made by Christian worship bands • Lyrically and musically are complex

Answer 379

• Oceans (where feet may fall) • 10,000 reasons (bless the Lord my soul)

Answer 380

Appeals to a younger age group

Answer 381

Sending out people to help others

Answer 382

For example, missionaries might be sent out by the Church to work with people in poverty, by providing education or medical care

Answer 383

Missionaries want to share the love of God through their actions. They believe they should love others as God loves them.

Answer 384

They follow the commandment that 'those who love God must love their brothers and sisters also' (1 John 4:21 (NRSV))

Answer 385

Preaching the good news about Jesus to other people

Answer 386

Evangelists share their knowledge and experience of Christianity to influence the lives and attitudes of others

Answer 387

Evangelists are inspired by the Holy Spirit to share their knowledge of God's love with others

Answer 388

They want to help others experience the joy, peace and love that they experience as a Christian

Answer 389

Jesus' last instructions to his followers included, Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything that Ihave commanded you. (Matthew 28:18-20 (NRSV))

Answer 390

- Gloria - Alleluia - Eucharistic Acclamation - Mystery of Faith

Answer 391

• A hymn to praise God's glory and goodness • Begins with the words 'Glory to God in the highest heaven' (Luke 2:14 (NRSV))

Answer 392

• Used near the beginning of the Mass • Not used during the more sorrowful seasons of Advent and Lent

Answer 393

• A Hebrew word meaning 'praise God' • A hymn of joy and triumph that praises God • Announces the presence of Christ

Answer 394

• Used to introduce the reading of the Gospel at Mass, to greet the presence of Christ • Also sung three times during the Easter Vigil to announce the resurrection • Not used during Lent

Answer 395

• A Latin word meaning 'holy' • A hymn to praise God's holiness • Based on Isaiah's vision in the Temple, when the angels cried out, 'Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts' (Isaiah 6:1-3)

Answer 396

• Used before the Eucharistic Prayer in Mass • Not used during the more sorrowful seasons of Advent and Lent

Answer 397

An acknowledgement that the whole saving event of Christ's life, death and resurrection has been made present through the consecration

Answer 398

Used after the consecration, when the Bread and Wine have become the Body and Blood of Christ

Answer 399

Traditional Prayer and Spontaneous Prayer

Answer 400

These are the prayers all Catholics are encouraged to know and use; they form the basis of individual and institutional prayer

Answer 401

Spontaneous prayer means prayer from the heart where in the moment you are feeling the presence and connected with God

Answer 402

• Do not need to come up with the right words to use • Not having to focus too much on the words allowing you to open up more to the presence of God, allowing your mind to go deeper than the words • When you are upset, using familiar words comforts me

Answer 403

• Is not personal to you • There can be distractions • There are time constraints

Answer 404

• It feels more sincere than traditional prayer because you open up to God about your own personal concerns and worries • It helps to develop an individual relationship with God • Comes from the heart and reflects how you feel at the moment

Answer 405

• Prayer can be rushed without focusing on prayer with God • May not be able to think of the words to say to God when praying

Answer 406

- Kneeling - Genuflecting - Prostrating - Bowing - Open hands - Joined hands - Standing with arms raised

Answer 407

• A sign of humility • Shows the person acknowledges God's. authority and submits to his will • A position asking for forgiveness

Answer 408

• A sign of respect • Catholics may genuflect when they enter church or pass the tabernacle, to acknowledge Christ's presence

Answer 409

• A sign of total humility and submission to God • A position pleading for help and mercy • Shows the person has given themselves up to God

Answer 410

• A sign of respect • A sign of praise to God • Acknowledges that God is great

Answer 411

• A sign of praise shows • Acceptance of whatever God sends

Answer 412

• A sign of asking • A request for help from God

Answer 413

• A sign of praise for God's greatness and glory • Focuses on God 'above' in heaven • The person is totally open to God

Answer 414

A sacrament in which the death and resurrection of Jesus are celebrated, using bread and wine

Answer 415

Where Jesus returns to his Father and later at Pentecost the Holy Spirit descended on the apostles, just as Jesus had promised

Answer 416

Being raised from the dead; the event three days after the crucifixion when it is believed that God raised Jesus from the dead

Answer 417

Being accepted by God and therefore being assured of eternal life (heaven)

Answer 418

Human reason making moral decisions with the knowledge we have of what is right and wrong

Answer 419

The People of God/Body of Christ, among whom Christ is beloved to be present and active

Answer 420

• Facing east towards Jerusalem, as this is the city where Jesus died and rose again • In the shape of a cross, as a reminder of the cross on which Jesus died • With the altar against the east wall; before 1965 the Mass was said by the priest in Latin, who would usually speak very quietly with his back towards the congregation. This meant that people attending Mass did not feel very involved in the service

Answer 421

• To ensure that as many people as possible can see and join in with the Mass. • With the altar more towards the centre of the church, and seats for the congregation some or all the way around the altar

Answer 422

- Introduction - Readings - Eucharist - Our Father and Communion - End of Mass

Answer 423

Catholics come together to celebrate the mass with the congregation representing the Body of Christ on earth. Furthermore, Catholics apologise to God and each other for their sins which strengthens their relationship with God and each other, as they accept that God has forgiven and redeemed them

Answer 424

In the readings, Catholics are reminded that God has guided his people through the years. In the Gospel reading, Jesus demonstrates through his words and actions how God loves, heals, restores and forgives all people.

Answer 425

During the Eucharistic Prayer, at the consecration, the words of Jesus at the Last Supper are repeated over the bread and wine: 'Take this all of you and eat it. This is my body... This is the blood of the new and everlasting covenant which will be poured out for you and all people so that sins may be forgiven. Do this in memory of me'. In these words: • Jesus was anticipating his death. • Jesus was showing that his whole being was present, by saying the bread was his Body and the wine his Blood. Because Catholics believe that Jesus is truly present in the consecrated Bread and Wine, called the Blessed Sacrament, they treat the Eucharist with great reverence and respect. Many Catholics receive Communion on the tongue rather than in the hand. This is to remind themselves that they are not dealing with normal bread.

Answer 426

Through Christ's redemption, believers are allowed to call God 'Father'.At this point in the Mass they say the prayer that Christ taught, the 'Our Father'. In Communion, believers receive the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Christ - everything that he is - in the form of bread and wine. Through this action believers are brought even closer to Christ and they are given power and grace to resist the temptation to sin

Answer 427

After a period of silent prayer reflecting on the gift received in the Eucharist, Catholics go out into the world and, through their daily actions, share the presence of Christ that they received in the Eucharist with everyone that they meet.

Answer 428

Christians believe conscience is the voice of God in their heart and soul. This means that God,through the Holy Spirit guides each person to make the right choices

Answer 429

- Catechism of the Catholic Church 2039 - Gaudium et Spes 16

Answer 430

"Personal conscience and reason should not be set in opposition to the moral law or the Magisterium of the Church."

Answer 431

"Conscience is the most secret core and sanctuary of a man. There he is alone with God, Whose voice echoes in his depths. In a wonderful manner conscience reveals that law which is fulfilled by love of God and neighbour."

Answer 432

- Lectern - Altar - Crucifix - Tabernacle

Answer 433

• The lectern is the reading stand, from where Bible readings are given. • At least two readings are given from the lectern at every Mass. • Readings from the Old Testament remind Christians how God has guided his people from the beginning, while readings from the New Testament tell Christians about Jesus' actions and teachings. • As Jesus is the Word of God made flesh,Christ is truly present when the word of God is proclaimed. • The lectern should be in a prominent place in the church, so people can see and clearly hear the word of God.

Answer 434

• The altar is the place of sacrifice, from where the bread and wine are offered to God at Mass. • During the consecration this offering joins with Christ's offering of himself to the Father through his death on the cross, and the Bread and Wine become the Body and Blood of Christ • Christ is truly present on the altar, offering himself to the Father on behalf of humanity. • In return, the Father strengthens the lives and faith of believers when they receive the Body and Blood of Christ in Communion.

Answer 435

• The crucifix is a model or image of a cross with Jesus crucified on it. • It reminds Christians of the suffering that Jesus went through to save humanity. • It inspires gratitude and love for all that Christ has done for humanity, including the forgiveness of their sins. • This gratitude which is inspired by the crucifix is clearly expressed in the Eucharist.

Answer 436

• The tabernacle is a box where the consecrated Bread is kept after the Mass. • It houses the Real Presence of Christ, so many Catholics like to pray in front it. • It can inspire a deep sense of peace, as it reminds Catholics that Christ is still caring for them. • The consecrated Bread that is saved in the tabernacle can be taken to people who can't get to Mass, such as those who are too ill to leave their homes, so they can still receive Holy Communion.

Answer 437

. A table is where people eat from. • Using a table at Mass reminds the congregation that the Mass is a re-enactment of the Last Supper. • During the Last Supper, Jesus told his disciples to eat his Body and drink his Blood, which will be given up for you: • By giving himself to his disciples in the form of bread and wine, Jesus was giving his disciples a share in the effects of his sacrifice. • Using a table at Mass is a reminder of this belief.

Answer 438

• A cross without the figure of Christ on it. • A symbol of Christ's victory over sin and death: • Christ ís not on the cross because he has risen. • Christians who are wary about portraying Jesus through art may prefer to use a cross. • Emphasises Jesus' resurrection and the fact that Christians should be people of new life.

Answer 439

• Focuses on Christ as the risen, glorified Saviour. • Reminds Catholics that in Holy Communion, they receive the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of the Risen Christ. • Like the cross, the Risen Christ emphasises Jesus' resurrection and how important this was.

Answer 440

In the past,present and future

Answer 441

• Jesus' death and resurrection is essential to humanity's salvation • These events defeated the ultimate power of sin and death, and made it possible for people to enter heaven after they die • Some Christians believe that nothing else is needed for salvation:Jesus' death and resurrection made salvation complete

Answer 442

• Salvation is an ongoing process • While Jesus defeated the ultimate power of sin, this does not mean that sin no longer exists • Catholics believe that while Jesus' death and resurrection offered salvation to everyone, people still have to choose to accept it, by resisting the temptation to sin and accepting forgiveness when they do sin • The Holy Spirit guides people to work towards salvation

Answer 443

• Salvation will be completed at the end of time • When the Kingdom of God is fully established (see page 81), the power of sin and death will be completely destroyed • All believers will be able to share in the glory of Christ and experience the joy of heaven • This will be the final victory of God's grace

Answer 444

St Anselm compared Jesus' death with the idea of paying a ransom in the slave trade • In the slave trade, a slave could be freed if someone paid a ransom (a sum of money) to their owner • St Anselm said that after the fall of Adam and Eve, humanity became slaves to sin • The only way to atone (make up) for this is by showing total obedience to God • Through his total obedience to God, Jesus 'paid a ransom' for the sins of all humans, allowing them to be freed from the effects of sin

Answer 445

• The event that created the need for salvation is when Adam and Eve disobeyed God by eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil (Genesis 3). • The event that helped to bring salvation is Jesus' death on the cross. St Irenaeus represents this event with the 'tree' of the cross. • St Irenaeus salvation metaphor highlights the parallels between these two events. The tree of the knowledge of good and evil - Adam and Eve disobeyed God by eating from the tree Adam and Eve's rejection of God broke humanity's relationship with God.The tree of the knowledge of good and evil brought death, by separating humans from God The tree of the cross - Jesus obeyed God by dying on the tree,Jesus' acceptance of God restored humanity's relationship with GodThe tree of the cross brought life, by offering the possibility of eternal life in heaven to all people

Answer 446

Reflects the idea that many Christians see themselves as slaves or servants to Christ (now they are no longer slaves to sin)

Answer 447

It is not clear who the 'ransom' is paid to, and some Christians think this implies there is someone greater than God

Answer 448

- In the people - In the world - In the priest - In the eucharistic elements

Answer 449

The Incarnation shows the human relationship to God as he gave his only son Jesus to the world to save humans from sin. Because if you have sin, you will be dead and won't be able to be with God after death. Jesus comes from God to Earth to save us in Dei Verbum.

Answer 450

- Death/Crucifixion - Burial - Resurrection - Ascension

Answer 451

Jesus' death redeemed humanity through his total obedience to God. This means he made up for the sins of humanity so people could be brought back to a relationship with God. He did this through the sacrifice of his death

Answer 452

• Jesus willingly sacrificed himself, there were oppurtunities to get out of it, he chose not to • The heavens the earth acknowledge the death of Jesus, celestial event • Shows that Jesus has formed the link between heaven,hell and Earth • "My God,my God why have you forsaken me?" Hebrew "Eli, Eli, lama azavtani" and shows human suffering showing Jesus is still human

Answer 453

• Accepting of death • Eclipse and earthquake • The temple ("The veil of the temple tears in two") • Crying to God

Answer 454

So the disciples would not steal the body and claim Jesus has risen from the dead

Answer 455

For Christians, Jesus' resurrection made life after death possible by destroying the ultimate power of sin and death.

Answer 456

• Disciples were in a room with the doors locked and Jesus appears in the middle of the room, this shows Jesus is not human anymore • He breathes on them and invites them to touch him • When Jesus meets his disciples he cooks for them and eats and drinks with them. This shows them he is still human • When he is first recognised he disappears on the road of Emmaus

Answer 457

- Locked doors • Breathing • Eating and drinking • Disappearing (All of these stories happen over 40 days and is known as the resurrection narratives)

Answer 458

For Christians, the ascension shows that Jesus is with the Father, sharing his glory for all eternity.

Answer 459

Jesus is taken bodily into heaven

Answer 460

Jesus going to heaven shows that heaven is open for us to go to and that he has defeated God and completed the cycle

Answer 461

Catholics believe the Mass is the 'summit' of Christian life because: • the offering of Christ on the cross is the highest form of prayer to God; as the Mass re-enacts Christ's sacrifice, it is the highest form of prayer for a Christian • the Mass celebrates and re-enacts the most important event in Christianity. The Mass is also the 'source' of Christian life because: • Christ's Body and Blood give life to the soul, just as normal food gives life to the human body • offering the Mass on Sunday is a perfect way to 'keep holy the Sabbath day, as it celebrates the day of resurrection every Sunday.

Answer 462

• Some share the Catholic understanding that the Bread and Wine become the Body and Blood of Christ • Many believe the Spirit of Christ is received when Communion is given • Christ is spiritually present but the Bread and Wine do not literally become the Body and Blood of Christ • Christ is present in the community that shares the Eucharist

Answer 463

• These groups do not celebrate any form of Eucharist • Instead they believe that Christ is present through the Spirit, who inspires their prayers and actions They do not practise the sacraments as they believe the whole of life is a sacrament

Answer 464

Many have a very similar understanding of the Eucharist to Catholics Like Catholics, they believe Christ is fully present in the consecrated Bread and Wine Differences to Catholicism include the following: • The Eucharist is always celebrated with the community; a Catholic priest can say Mass on his own • More emphasis is placed on symbolism and ritual • The consecration takes place behind the iconostasis - a screen that divides the holy part of the church from the congregation; this is because the consecration is too holy to be seen directly by the congregation

Answer 465

Supper; this means its purpose is to remember the Last Supper and its importance • Christ is present in particular in the Bible readings • Christ enters peoples lives when they receive Communion

Answer 466

The words of institution are the words that Jesus said at the Last Supper. The priest repeats these in the consecration of the bread and wine. • When these words are said, the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Christ. • The bread and wine look the same but the reality of what they are changes. • This is shown in the words 'this is my body' (rather than this symbolises my body). • By taking Christ's Body and Blood, his followers are able to share in the redeeming effects of his death and resurrection. "Take this, all of you, and eat of it, for this is my body, which will be given up for you. Take this, all of you, and drink from it, for this is the chalice of my blood, the blood of the new and eternal covenant, which will be poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins. Do this in memory of me." - Eucharistic Prayer II

Answer 467

The Agnus Dei is the prayer that is said shortly before Communion. It refers to the 'Lamb of God' and recalls the Jews' escape from Egypt. • The Last Supper was a Passover meal that celebrated the Jews' escape from Egypt. This remembered the events in Exodus 12, when God ordered each Jewish household to kill and eat a lamb, marking their front door with some of its blood. This meant nobody in the house would be killed by the Angel of Death. The sacrifice of a lamb saved the Jews. Jesus is the new Lamb of God, because the sacrifice of his death saved humanity from the ultimate power of sin and death. The Agnus Dei reminds Catholics of this "Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us...Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world, grant us peace." Agnus Dei

Answer 468

• Eucharistic adoration refers to adoring or honouring the real presence of Christ in the consecrated bread and wine • Because Catholics believe the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Christ, they treat it with great reverence and respect. • Some Catholics receive Communion on their tongue rather than in their hand, as this reminds them that they are actually receiving Jesus himself.

Answer 469

Eucharistic adoration is also shown in the service of Benediction. This is a service where the consecrated Bread is put on display in a monstrance (a large holder). The Real Presence of Christ is praised and the congregation are blessed with the Real Presence.

Answer 470

A series of 14 'stations' (often images, carvings or statues) that depict the Passion of Jesus from his condemnation by Pilate to the tomb. This is an example of popular piety used for prayer and devotion

Answer 471

The idea of missionary work, where Christians travel to an area to provide aid or education. Missionary work often includes an element of evangelism

Answer 472

Preaching the gospel (the good news about God) to convert people to the Christian faith

Answer 473

A society where God rules. A place where death is overcome. A place where diseases are cured

Judaism : Practices Flashcards

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