Junctions And Tissues

Question 1

What are tissues?

Answer 1

Organized mass of similar cells with a specific function

Question 2

What do tissues consist of?

Answer 2

Cells themselves
Extracellular matrix
Cell junctions

Question 3

What is the extra cellular matrix?

Answer 3

All materials outside of cells, but the material is made by the cell and was secreted out

Question 4

What are fibers?

Answer 4

Part of the ECM
Collagen and elastic fibers

Question 5

What is ground substance?

Answer 5

Background fluid rlly
Complex macromolecule
Fills in spaces
Lubricants/cushion
Interstitial fluids (blood, plasma, lymph)

Question 6

What are cell junctions?

Answer 6

Specialized structures that connect cells together

Question 7

What are the four types of tissues in vertebrates?

Answer 7

Epithelial
Connective
Nerve
Muscle

Question 8

What are tight junctions?

Answer 8

Seals neighboring epithelial cells tight enough to prevent liquids to leak through
Makes epithelial layer water tight

Question 9

What are the other names for tight junctions?

Answer 9

Occluding junctions
Zonulae occludins

Question 10

What is the basal lamina?

Answer 10

The underlying connective tissue further down

Question 11

What is the globular protein in tight junctions?

Answer 11

Occludin
Claudin (less known)

Question 12

What are the two categories of anchoring junctions?

Answer 12

Attaching cells to each other
Attaching cells to the underlying ECM

Question 13

Which anchoring junction types attach cells to each other?

Answer 13

Adherens junctions
Desmosomes

Question 14

Which anchoring junction types attach cells to the underlying extracellular matrix?

Answer 14

Hemidesmosomes

Question 15

What is cadherin?

Answer 15

Club-headed end in between plasma membrane stemming from the anchoring protein plate
Velcro like

Question 16

What are tethering filaments?

Question 17

What are gap junctions?

Answer 17

“Tunnel” shaped protein through plasma membrane of adjacent cells that allows the passage of water/ions/small molecules between cells

The god damn spaceship and space shuttle thing Isaak kept doing

Question 18

What is connexon?

Answer 18

Tubular protein composed of 6 proteins called connexin

Question 19

What is the epithelium/epithelial tissue?

Answer 19

Tissue that covers surfaces
Forms a continuous layer that covers most body surfaces and cavities

Question 20

What is epithelium/epithelial tissue classified by?

Answer 20

Cell shape and layering

Question 21

What is are the types of epithelial tissue layering?

Answer 21

Simple epithelium
Stratified
Pseudostratified

Question 22

What are the types of epithelial tissue cell shapes?

Answer 22

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 23

What is the basal lamina?

Question 24

What is the difference between stratified and pseudostratified layering?

Answer 24

Stratified — has layers; only the bottom layer is anchored to the basal lamina
Pseudo — only one cell layer, but it just kinda looks funny

Question 25

What are squames?

Answer 25

Dead skin cells Thank you evelyn and chelsea

Question 26

What are connective tissues?

Answer 26

Connects, supports, and protects other tissues

Question 27

What is the bulk of connective tissue composed of?

Answer 27

The ECM, not of cells

Question 28

What is in the extracellular matrix?

Answer 28

Fibers, ground substance, interstitial fluid

Question 29

What are the fibers?

Answer 29

Collagen and elastic fibers

Question 30

What are ground substances?

Answer 30

“Background substances” Thick and granular — liquid and gel like

Question 31

What are interstitial fluids?

Answer 31

Blood, plasma, lymph fluid

Question 32

What are the three types of cells in connective tissue?

Answer 32

Fibroblast (most common) Adipose cells Blood cells

Question 33

What are macrophages?

Answer 33

Eats invading organism

Question 34

What are mast cells?

Answer 34

“Fire alarm” cells

Question 35

What are plasma cells?

Answer 35

Hm… B and T

Question 36

What is collagen?

Answer 36

The most common protein in the animal kingdom

Question 37

What is the percentage of collagen in the body?

Answer 37

20-35% total mass of proteins in the body

Question 38

What is the relationship between collagen and the ECM?

Answer 38

Collagen makes up most of the fibers in the ECM

Question 39

What is a collagen filament?

Answer 39

Three-polypeptide chains wind around each other to create a super helix Tough fiber, high tensile strength

Question 40

What are the different ways collagen fibers organize?

Answer 40

Loose, flexible, spongy Tight bundles, tough, resist stretching; tendons and ligaments

Question 41

What are the two broad connective tissue groups?

Answer 41

Connective tissue proper Specialized connective tissue

Question 42

What is connective tissue proper?

Answer 42

Unspecialized Loose connective Dense connective

Question 43

What is specialized connective tissue?

Answer 43

Adipose tissue Blood Bone Cartilage