Juniors-2021 Flashcards
1
Q
What type of milking parlor has the cows set up on a platform with the stalls in a circle which rotates while the milker can stay in position?
A
Rotary Parlor
2
Q
What is administration of medicine to the skin or to the mucous membranes of the eyes ears and nasal passages?
A
Topical
3
Q
What are tiny sacs in the udder where milk Is produced?
A
Alveoli
4
Q
What is an understanding of many different sciences related to the care of animals?
A
Animal Husbandry
5
Q
What is a group of cattle with similar traits that are passed from generation to generation?
A
Breed
6
Q
What is the area directly behind cattle?
A
Blind spot
7
Q
What is an intact male of the bovine species?
A
Bull
8
Q
What is a young dairy animal less than six months of age?
A
Calf
9
Q
What are cattle with parents and/or ancestors of different breeds?
A
Crossbred
10
Q
What is the mother of a calf?
A
Dam
11
Q
What is a cow that is not lactating but has been through one lactation previously?
A
Dry cow
12
Q
What is a solution of minerals that helps restore normal concentration of minerals in the body during dehydration?
A
Electrolytes
13
Q
What is an animal’s safety zone?
A
Flight zone
14
Q
What does the term freshening mean?
A
Having a calf
15
Q
What is a young female that has not given birth yet?
A
Heifer
16
Q
What is administration of medicine by injecting it into the muscle?
A
Intramuscular injection
17
Q
What is the class of animals that give birth to live young and has the ability to produce milk from the mammary gland to feed the young?
A
Mammals
18
Q
What is administration of medicine in the mouth or in water?
A
Oral
19
Q
How many ovaries do cattle have?
A
Two
20
Q
What term describes cattle that do not grow horns because of their genetic makeup?
A
Polled
21
Q
What is an animal that has four stomach compartments?
A
Ruminant
22
Q
What are forages that have gone through the anaerobic process of fermentation in a silo?
A
Silage
23
Q
What is a heifer that is pregnant and is going to give birth soon?
A
Springing heifer
24
Q
What are castrated male cattle called?
A
Steer
25
What is the father of a calf?
Sire
26
What organ is the site of growth and development of a calf during pregnancy?
Uterus
27
What is the period of time that must pass before a product can be harvested after treatment with a medication?
Withdrawal time
28
If an embryo contains two x chromosomes what sex will the calf be?
Female
29
If an embryo contains an x and y chromosome what sex will the calf be?
Male
30
What feedstuff is a by-product from removing oil from soybeans?
Soybean Meal
31
What feedstuff is a by-product from removing cotton oil from cottonseeds?
Cottonseed Meal
32
What is another name for an umbilical infection?
Navel Ill
33
What is the name of the person who trims cows hooves?
Hoof trimmer
34
What is the name of the person who practices medical and surgical treatment of animals?
Veterinarian
35
What is the name of the person who help dairy producers develop a balanced diet for their cows?
Nutritionist
36
What type of milk prepared by removing about half the water from whole milk and adding at least 40 percent added sugar?
Sweetened Condensed Milk
37
What term describes cheese that is cured for over six months to give it a sharp flavor and firm texture?
Aged
38
What dairy product is made by adding a special bacterial culture to light cream?
Sour cream
39
How many cups of milk should those 9-18 years old eat daily?
3
40
What is the serving size of fluid milk?
1 cup
41
What is the female reproductive cell produced in the ovary?
Egg or Oocyte
42
What is the process of carrying young in the uterus?
Gestation, Pregnancy
43
When tying your dairy project animal what type of know should you use?
Quick release slip knot
44
What type of clippers do you use when clipping your cows ears, tail and to fine tune the topline?
Small Clippers
45
What type of clippers do you use when clipping your cows body?
Large Clippers
46
Where did the Jersey originate?
Isle of Jersey
47
Which breed generally produces milk with the highest fat and protein content?
Jersey
48
Where did the Milking Shorthorn originate?
England
49
How much is dairy strength worth on the PDCA Dairy Cow Unified Scorecard?
25
50
How much is udder worth on the PDCA Dairy Cow Unified Scorecard?
40
51
What is the reference point to determine the height of the udder floor?
Hock
52
How many animals are in a class in a 4-H dairy judging contest?
4
53
When exhibiting a dairy animal in a circle, which direction should you move?
clockwise
54
What is the initial milk secreted after calving by the mother called?
Colostrum
55
What is the structure called when a calf nurses and milk bypasses the rumen and reticulum and goes directly to the omasum and abomasum?
Esophageal Groove
56
What is an on-farm tool for estimating colostrum quality?
Brix refractometer, Colostrometer
57
What is the act of taking a young animal off of milk as the main source of nutrition?
Weaning
58
What is the most important factor to consider in determining when to breed a heifer for the first time?
Body size
59
What are the leading causes of death in young calves?
Scours, Pneumonia
60
At what age should calves be dehorned?
Around 3 weeks
61
What is feed that a cow has regurgitated and is being re-chewed?
Cud
62
What is the tube that connects the mouth to the rumen?
Esophagus
63
What is any chemical substance that provides nourishment to the body?
Nutrient
64
What is a blend of all feeds (forages & concentrates) in one feed?
Total mixed ration
65
What is the vegetative portion of plants fed to livestock in the fresh, dried or ensiled state?
Forage
66
Hardware disease occurs in which stomach compartment?
Reticulum
67
What stomach compartment is known as the honeycomb?
Reticulum
68
What stomach compartment is known as the fermentation vat?
Rumen
69
What stomach compartment is called the many plies?
Omasum
70
What stomach compartment is called the true stomach?
Abomasum
71
What are the most concentrated energy source in a dairy cattle ration?
Fats
72
If a farmer said he was feeding a 16% dairy feed what is he referring to?
Crude protein amount
73
Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium and Chloride are what types of minerals?
Macrominerals
74
How many gallons of water does a cow drink each day?
30-50 gallons
75
Performance will be reduced the quickest through a lack of which nutrient?
Water
76
Cobalt, Iodine, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Iron and Selenium are what type of minerals?
Microminerals
77
What type of plants are alfalfa, clover, soybeans and lespedeza?
Legumes
78
Cottonseed hulls, Cottonseed meal, distillers grains, soybean hulls, soybean meal and brewers grain are examples of what kid of feedstuff?
By-product feedstuffs
79
How many teeth does a mature cow have?
32
80
What is often added to dairy rations to improve taste and reduce dustiness?
Molasses
81
What is the largest cost in milk production?
Feed
82
What stirs milk in the bulk tank to help with cooling and to provide a uniform product mixture for sampling?
Agitator
83
What is the large storage tank for cooling and storing milk at a cold temperature until it is transported to a processing plant?
Bulk tank
84
What is the process by which the first few streams of milk are removed from the teat prior to milking to observe for abnormalities and to flush the teat canal?
Forestripping
85
What is the waxy substance produced by cells lining the teat canal that serves as a plug between milking and aids in reducing penetration by microorganisms?
Keratin
86
What is the period of time when a cow is in milk?
Lactation
87
What is the part of the milking system that causes the alternate vacuum pressure between the teat cup shell and liner?
Pulsator
88
What hormone causes milk letdown?
Oxytocin
89
What is the most common type of milking parlor uses?
Herringbone
90
What is the most frequent cause of high bacterial counts in milk?
Dirty equipment
91
What hormone interferes with milk letdown?
Adrenaline, Epinephrine
92
How long should the pre-dip be left on the teat before it is wiped off?
20-30 seconds
93
What is the most costly disease in dairy cattle?
Mastitis
94
Where did the first cows arrive in America?
Jamestown Colony
95
What is the traditionally recommended length of the dry period for dairy cows?
45-60 days
96
When is the most effective time to treat mastitis infections?
Drying off
97
What is the process that turns cream into butter?
Churning
98
What is the primary protein found in milk?
Casein
99
What is the process that destroys any disease-producing bacteria that might be present in raw milk?
Pasteurization
100
What is milk as it comes from the cow prior to processing?
Raw milk
101
What is the fluid by-product of cheese making?
Whey
102
What is the major solids component of milk?
Lactose
103
What vitamin is added to milk a processing to prevent rickets?
Vitamin D
104
What is nature's most nearly perfect food?
Milk
105
What is the process of dividing milk into skim milk and cream?
Separation
106
What is the process that assures that milk and dairy products will be uniform in protein and fat content?
Standardization
107
Which two minerals found in milk are important in bone growth?
Calcium, Phosphorus
108
Milk is what percentage water?
87.40%
109
How offer should the bulk tank be washed and sanitized?
Every time it is emptied
110
Where are off-flavors in milk most commonly found?
Butterfat
111
How many calories are in fat free milk?
80
112
How many calories are in whole milk?
150
113
How many pounds of whole milk does it take to make a pound of cheese?
10 pounds
114
What is classified according to consistency as soft, semi-soft, hard and very hard?
Cheese
115
What is the most popular variety of cheese in the United States?
Mozzarella
116
What is the second most popular variety of cheese in the United States?
Cheddar
117
What is the highest grade of butter sold in the United States?
US Grade AA
118
How many pounds of whole milk does it take to make a gallon of ice cream?
12 pounds
119
What grade of milk is milk produced under sanitary conditions that qualify it for fluid consumption?
Grade A
120
What is the document that established the standards for Grade A milk?
Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO)
121
What month is observed as Dairy month?
June
122
What month is observed as National Grilled Cheese month?
April
123
What month is observed as National Ice Cream month?
July
124
What state ranks first for the number of organic cows?
California
125
What fast food chain uses the most milk in the US?
McDonalds
126
What is the victory drink of the Indianapolis 500?
Milk
127
What is the USDA illustration of the five food groups in a place setting called?
MyPlate
128
Which state ranks first for number of dairy cows?
California
129
Which state ranks first for total milk production?
California
130
How much does a gallon of milk weigh?
8.6 pounds
131
How much is in a hundredweight?
100 pounds
132
What does it mean if someone sees "3X" in a dairy animal's production record?
The cow was milked 3 times a day
133
What is a firm that is owned by its farmer members, operated for their benefit and distributes earnings on the basis of patronage?
Cooperative
134
What is the main reason that dairy cows refuse to use free stalls?
Improper size
135
What is depositing of sperm into the reproductive tract of a female other than by natural mating?
Artificial Insemination
136
What is the process of removing a fertilized ovum from a donor cow and transferring it to another cow or heifer?
Embryo transfer
137
What is the structure through which the fetus receives all of its nutrients?
Placenta
138
On average, how many days are the between heat periods?
21 days
139
What is the most reliable sign of estrus?
Standing to be mounted
140
What is used to freeze and store semen?
Liquid nitrogen
141
What is used to determine pregnancy, embryonic losses, if twins are being carried and determine the sex of the embryo?
Ultrasound
142
Which breed has the longest gestation period?
Brown Swiss
143
What is the average gestation length for a cow?
276-292 days
144
Which season is retained placenta incidence highest?
Summer
145
What is a sterile heifer that is born twin to a bull?
Freemartin
146
What is the basic unit of inheritance?
Gene
147
Who parent determines that sex of a calf?
Sire
148
How many pairs of chromosomes do dairy cattle have?
30 pairs
149
What is the technical term used to describe brothers and sisters?
Siblings
150
What is a record of ancestry?
Pedigree
151
What accompanies a purebred animal and certifies its parentage?
Registration paper
152
What is the most important feature when selecting tags for identification?
Visibility
153
What is the three number country code for the United States for animal identification?
840
154
The undesirable recessive traits known as weaver, spiderleg and spinal muscular atrophy affect which breed?
Brown Swiss
155
The undesirable recessive traits known as Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency, Haplotype for Cholesterol Deficiency, and Complex Vertebral Malformations affect which breed?
Holstein
156
The undesirable recessive traits know as limber legs and rectovaginal constrictions affect which breed?
Jersey
157
What are chemical agents given to animals that kill or stop growth of bacteria
Antibiotics
158
If your vet says your cow has a DA what is wrong with her?
Displaced Abomasum, Twisted Stomach
159
What is an instrument used to give an animal a pill?
Balling Gun
160
What are diseases and infections that are transmitted between vertebrate animals and human beings?
Zoonosis
161
What are management practices that protect the herd from the entry of new disease and minimize the spread and or adverse effects of disease in the herd?
Biosecurity
162
What term describes any microorganism that causes disease?
Pathogen
163
What is the normal body temperature for a calf?
102.5 degrees F
164
What is the normal body temperature for an adult dairy cow?
101.5 degrees F
165
What is the normal pulse rate for a cow?
60-70 heart beats per minute
166
What is the normal respiratory rate for a cow?
30 breaths per minute
167
What causes BVD, IBR, PI-3 and Warts?
Virus
168
How many pounds of blood are pumped through the udder to produce one pound of milk?
400 pounds
169
What is a condition that occurs when a cow cannot belch?
Bloat
170
What is the common name for the disease know as acetonemia?
Ketosis
171
What is the common name for the disease know as parturient paresis?
Milk fever
172
What is the common name for the disease know as pododermatitis?
Foot rot
173
What is the common name for the disease know as infections bovine keratoconjunctivitis?
Pink eye
174
What is the common name for the disease know as infections bovine rhinotraceitis?
Red nose
175
What is the common name for the disease know as listeriosis?
Circling disease
176
What is the common name for the disease know as traumatic gastritis?
Hardware disease
177
What is often given to an animal to prevent hardware disease?
Magnet
178
What are copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and formalin used in?
Footbath
179
What are lung worms, round worms, stomach worms, liver flukes and coccidia?
Internal parasites
180
What are flies, lice, mites, mosquitoes and ticks?
External parasites
181
What is the most effective management tool to control flies on a dairy farm?
Sanitation
182
What causes ringworm?
Fungus
183
What is a disease in calves characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, and unthriftiness?
Scours
184
What does the acronym FDA stand for?
Food and Drug Administration
185
What does the acronym DHIA stand for?
Dairy Herd Information Association
186
What does the acronym PDCA stand for?
Purebred Dairy Cattle Association
187
What does the acronym USDA stand for?
United States Department of Agriculture
188
What is the national dairy farm magazine?
Hoard's Dairyman
189
Who is considered the first person to discover that bacteria caused food spoilage and disease?
Louis Pasteur
190
Who invented the milk bottle?
Dr. Harvey Thatcher
191
What is the most common type of manure storage on dairy farms?
Slurry
192
What is a plan for land application of manure and fertilizer to meet crop needs?
Nutrient management plan
193
Who is the largest dairy cooperative in the US?
Dairy Farmers of American (DFA)
194
Who is the largest processor and distributor of milk and dairy products in the US?
Nestle USA
195
Where is the World Dairy Expo held?
Madison, Wisconsin
196
Where is the All-American Dairy Show held?
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
197
Where did the Ayrshire originate?
Scotland
198
Where did the Brown Swiss originate?
Switzerland
199
Where did the Guernsey originate?
Isle of Guernsey
200
The milk of which breed is known for it's golden color?
Guernsey
201
Where did the Holstein originate?
Netherlands/Holland and Germany
202
Which breed makes up about 90% of the US dairy cow population?
Holstein
203
On average, which breed produces the most milk per cow?
Holstein
204
What are the three colors found in registered Holstein cattle?
Black, red and white
