juvenile

Question 1

accused person

Answer 1

người bị buộc tội

Question 2

arrested person

Answer 2

người bị bắt

Question 3

detainees

Answer 3

người bị tam giữ

Question 4

the accused

Answer 4

bị can

Question 5

defendant

Answer 5

bị cáo

Question 6

terminology (n)
/ˌtɝː.məˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/

Answer 6

special words or expressions used in
–> relation to a particular subject or activity:
scientific terminology

Question 7

culpability (n) (sự có tội)
/ˌkʌl.pəˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/
–> accept/deny culpability

Answer 7

After the accident, the company refused to accept culpability.

Question 8

constitute (v)
/ˈkɑːn.stə.tuːt/

Answer 8

to be or be considered as something:
–> This latest defeat constitutes a major setback for the Democrats.

Question 9

the principle of proportionality in dealing with juvenile offender

Answer 9

nguyên tắc xét xử công bằng

Question 10

delinquency (n)
/dɪˈlɪŋ.kwən.si/

Answer 10

an action that is illegal or not acceptable:
His past delinquencies have made it hard for him to get a job.

Question 11

the offence (hành vi phạm tội/tội phạm)
/əˈfens/

Answer 11

an illegal act; a crime:
–> a serious/minor offence

Question 12

the offender

Answer 12

người phạm tội
a person who is guilty of a crime:
–> young offenders

Question 13

reiterate (v)
/riˈɪt̬.ɚ.eɪt/

Answer 13

to say something again, once or several times:
–> The government has reiterated its refusal to compromise with terrorists.

Question 14

commission of (n)
/kəˈmɪʃ.ən/

Answer 14

the act of doing something that is illegal or considered wrong:
–> the commission of a crime

Question 15

charge (n)
/tʃɑːrdʒ/

Answer 15

a formal police statement saying that someone is accused of a crime:
–> criminal charges The 19-year-old will be appearing in court on Thursday where she will face criminal charges.

Question 16

curb (v)
/kɝːb/

Answer 16

to control or limit something that is not wanted:
–> The government should act to curb tax evasion.

Question 17

undue (adj)
/ʌnˈduː/

Answer 17

to a level that is more than is necessary, acceptable, or reasonable: (vượt quá)
–> Such a high increase will impose an undue burden on the local tax payer.

Question 18

account for (n)

Answer 18

to explain the reason for something

Question 19

dispose (v)

Question 20

discretion (n)
/dɪˈskreʃ.ən/

Answer 20

the right or ability to decide something:
–> at the discretion of
Students can be expelled at the discretion of the principal (= if the principal decides it).

Question 21

recourse (n)
/ˈriː.kɔːrs/

Answer 21

using something or someone as a way of getting help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation:
- -> It is hoped that the dispute will be settled without recourse to litigation.

Question 22

lay down (v)

Answer 22

to officially establish a rule, or to officially say how something should be done:
–> This is in line with the policy laid down by the management.

Question 23

referral (v) (n)
/rɪˈfɝː.əl/

Answer 23

the act of directing someone to a different place
–> The commission’s inquiry into the warranties began after a referral from the Office for Fair Trading.

Question 24

restitution (n)
/ˌres.təˈtuː.ʃən/

Answer 24

the return of objects that were stolen or lost:
–> They are demanding the restitution of ancient treasures that were removed from the country in the 16th century.

Question 25

conviction /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/ sự kết án

Answer 25

the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty: -> conviction for Since it was her first conviction for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.

Question 26

stigmatization (n) /ˌstɪɡ.mə.t̬əˈzeɪ.ʃən/

Answer 26

sự phân biệt đối xử the act of treating someone or something unfairly by publicly disapproving of them or it: --> Care needs to be taken to ensure there is no stigmatization of children based on their home circumstances.

Question 27

criminal record /ˌkrɪm.ɪ.nəl ˈrek.ɚd/

Answer 27

lý lịch tư pháp an official record of crimes that a person has committed: --> They fired him when they found out he had a criminal record.

Question 28

congruent (adji) = similar /ˈkɑːŋ.ɡru.ənt/

Answer 28

similar to or in agreement with something, so that the two things can both exist or can be combined without problems: --> Our goals are congruent; there is no conflict.

Question 29

integral (adj) /ˈɪn.t̬ə.ɡrəl/ --> integral part

Answer 29

necessary and important as a part of a whole: --> integral part He's an integral part of the team and we can't do without him.

Question 30

dignity (n) /ˈdɪɡ.ə.t̬i/

Answer 30

the importance and value that a person has, that makes other people respect them or makes them respect themselves: --> In hospital, she felt stripped of all her dignity.

Question 31

reintergration (n) riː.ɪn

Answer 31

tái hòa nhập

Question 32

compel (v) /kəmˈpel/

Answer 32

to force someone to do something: --> As a schoolboy he was compelled to wear shorts even in winter.

Question 33

testimony (n) /ˈtes.tə.moʊ.ni/

Answer 33

(an example of) spoken or written statements that something is true, especially those given in a law court: --> Some doubts have been expressed about his testimony.

Question 34

notion (n) = definition /ˈnoʊ.ʃən/

Answer 34

I have only a vague notion of what she does for a living.

Question 35

commend (v) kəˈmend

Answer 35

to formally praise someone or something: commend someone for something --> The judge commended her for her bravery.

Question 36

suspend (v) /səˈspend/

Answer 36

đình chỉ --> to suspend the child criminal proceedings

Question 37

non - custodial measure

Answer 37

biện pháp không giam giữ

Question 38

torture (n) ˈtɔːr.tʃɚ/

Answer 38

tra tấn the act of causing great physical or mental pain in order to persuade someone to do something or to give information, or to be cruel to a person or animal: --> Half of the prisoners died after torture and starvation.

Question 39

corporal punishment (n) ˌkɔːr.pɚ ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/

Answer 39

the physical punishment of people, especially of children, by hitting them hình phạt tra tấn thể xác

Question 40

capital punishment /ˌkæp.ɪ.t̬əl ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/

Answer 40

punishment by death, as ordered by a legal system tử hình

Question 41

life imprisionment

Answer 41

tù chung thân

Question 42

arbitrarily (adj) /ˌɑːr.bəˈtrer.əl.i/

Answer 42

in a way that is based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason: (tùy tiện) --> We made the decision to go to Italy quite arbitrarily.

Question 43

conform (v) --> conformity (n) /kənˈfɔːrm/

Answer 43

to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour that are expected by a group or society: --> conform to I tried to conform to their old-fashioned manners.

Question 44

challenge (v)

Answer 44

asking if something is true or legal: (chất vấn) --> pose a challenge The result of the vote poses a serious challenge to the government's credibility.

Question 45

sentences (n) bản án

Question 46

execusion (n) /ˌek.səˈkjuː.ʃən/

Answer 46

the legal punishment of killing someone: --> Execution is still the penalty in some states for murder.

Question 46

commute (v) /kəˈmjuːt/

Answer 46

to change a punishment to one that is less severe: --> Her sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.

Question 46

incarceration (n) /ɪnˌkɑːr.səˈreɪ.ʃən/

Answer 46

the act of putting or keeping someone in prison or in a place used as a prison: --> We’re spending billions of dollars each year on incarceration.

Question 47

confine (v) --> confinement (n) /kənˈfaɪn/

Answer 47

to keep someone closed in a place, often by force: --> The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world.

Question 48

witness (n) /ˈwɪt.nəs/

Answer 48

a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident: --> Police are appealing for witnesses to the accident to come forward.

Question 49

presiding officer (n)

Answer 49

người tiến hành tố tụng

Question 50

incitement (n) to V /ɪnˈsaɪt.mənt/

Answer 50

the act of encouraging someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent: xúi giục [ + to infinitive ] They were imprisoned for incitement to commit grievous (serious) bodily harm.

Question 51

subpoena (n) (giấy triệu tập) /səˈpiː.nə/

Answer 51

a legal document ordering someone to appear in a law court: --> Subpoenas were issued to several government employees.

Question 52

abscond (v) /æbˈskɑːnd/

Answer 52

to go away suddenly and secretly in order to escape from somewhere: (bỏ trốn) --> Two prisoners absconded last night.

Question 53

waive (v) /weɪv/ (từ bỏ, về mặt pháp lý)

Answer 53

to not demand something you have a right to, or not cause a rule to be obeyed: --> The bank manager waived the charge (= said we didn't have to pay), as we were old and valued customers.

Question 54

impartial (adj) /ɪmˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Answer 54

not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument: --> impartial advice --> A trial must be fair and impartial.

Question 55

self-incrimination (n) /ˌself.ɪn.krɪm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

Answer 55

saying or doing something that shows that you are guilty of a crime: --> A witness can legally refuse to give evidence to avoid self-incrimination.

Question 56

interrogate (v) thẩm vấn /ɪnˈter.ə.ɡeɪt/

Answer 56

to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence: --> Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or imprisoned in recent weeks.

Question 57

preventive measure = deterrent measure /dɪˈter.ənt/

Answer 57

biện pháp ngăn chặn

Question 58

coercive measure /koʊˈɝː.sɪv/

Answer 58

biện phấp cưỡng chế

Question 59

reprimand (n) /ˈrep.rə.mænd/

Answer 59

biện pháp khiển trách

Question 60

community conciliation (n)

Answer 60

hòa giải tại cộng đồng

Question 61

edification at the commune, ward or town /ˌed.ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Answer 61

giáo dục tại xã, phường, thị trấn

Question 62

edification at the reform school

Answer 62

giáo dục tại trường giáo dưỡng

Question 63

the execution of judgement

Answer 63

thi hành phán quyết

Question 64

suspended sentence

Answer 64

án treo

Question 65

investigation stage procuracy stage first-instance trial stage

Answer 65

giai đoạn điều tra giai đoạn truy tố giai đoạn xét xử sơ thẩm

Question 66

acquittal (n) /əˈkwɪt̬.əl/

Answer 66

the decision of a court that someone is not guilty: (không có tội) --> Of the three cases that went to trial, two ended in acquittals.

Question 67

complicity (n) /kəmˈplɪs.ə.t̬i/

Answer 67

involvement in a crime or some activity that is wrong: --> She is suspected of complicity in the fraud.

Question 68

recidivist = reoffending (n) /rəˈsɪd.ə.vɪst/

Answer 68

tái phạm --> serious recidivist

Question 69

first-time offender (n)

Answer 69

người phạm tội lần đầu

Question 70

perpetrator (n) người phạm tội /ˈpɝː.pə.treɪ.t̬ɚ/

Answer 70

someone who has committed a crime or a violent or harmful act: --> The perpetrators of the massacre must be brought to justice as war criminals.

Question 71

acquaitance (n) /əˈkweɪn.təns/

Answer 71

a person that you have met but do not know well: --> a business acquaintance