Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Marist Spring 2025 > Juvenile Justice Final Exam > Flashcards

Juvenile Justice Final Exam Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Juvenile Delinquent

A

Any non-adult (minor) who commits a crime or status offense (illegal due to age)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Patriarchal System

A

Father as head of the family was responsible for controlling the children and providing for them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parens Patriae

A

“Parent of the country” - courts taking care of the children (has grown to mean the responsibility of the courts and the state to act in the best interest of the child)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alternatives to incarceration

A

cottage system, “placing out system”, separate institutions for girls, and military schools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what were cottage systems?

A

smaller building holding approximately 40 children (as opposed to larger overcrowded facilities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

“Placing out system”

A

removing children from over-crowded poor cities to foster families to learn a skill and moral guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Child savers

A

Reformers who developed programs for troubled youth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did the child savers influence ?

A

Creation of juvenile justice system and the passage of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act 1899 which authorized the first juvenile court.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where and when was the first juvenile court established?

A

1899 in Cook County Illinois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why was the first juvenile court established?

A

for youth under the age of 16 to provide rehabilitation rather than punishment and keep kids away from adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classical criminology

A

decisions to violate the law are weighed against possible punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does classical criminology argue about delinquency?

A

affluent youth do crimes also, not specifically a function of social ills like economic opportunity and family disfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rational choice theory

A

delinquency Is rational and can be prevented by punishment that fits the crime. They are in control of making a choice to commit or not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Utilitarians

A

believed that people weigh the benefits and consequences before deciding what to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 2 philosophers formed the core of classical criminology?

A

Beccaria and Bentham

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cesare Beccaria

A

focuses on the offense committed not the offender. maximize pleasure and minimize pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the school of positivism say?

A

innate causes delinquency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Innate example

A

person can have certain deviant traits that can surface regardless of their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Trait theory

A

delinquency is uncontrollable and irrational. physical or psychological traits cause the delinquent behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cesare Lombroso

A

believed to be one of the fathers of early positivism // believed in criminal atavism (delinquents have similar physical traits to primitive men)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who is the primary influence for children during their early years?

A

Parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Who is the primary influence for children in their later years?

A

peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cliques

A

small groups of friends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

crowds/clubs

A

loosely organized groups of children who share interests and activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
controversial status youth
aggressive youth who are intensely disliked by their peers (when rejected by peers they are more likely to display aggressive behaviors)
26
how is delinquency related to peer relations
delinquency is strongly linked to poor peer relationships
27
social control theory
Hirschi - socialization builds self control and reduces likeliness of indulging in antisocial behaviors
28
what are the 4 elements of social control theory
Attachment, commitment, positive involvement, and common value system
29
what is a gang?
a formal or informal ongoing organization identified by common names, signs, colors, or symbols
30
3 Rs of gang culture
Reputation, Respect, and Revenge
31
Who do modern street gangs target?
Other gang members
32
what % of juveniles entering the system had initial contact with police?
80%, 20% only had contact with schools, family, others via petition
33
Do majority of contacts result in arrests ?
No because of police discretion
34
Police Matrons
handle clerical work, minor ordinance enforcement (traffic tickets), and juveniles (very young and status offenders)
35
Four core protections of The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (JJDPA)
1. deinstitutionalization of status offenders 2.adult jail and lock up removal 3. sight and sound separated 4. disproportionate minority contact
36
Disproportionate Minority Contact
over 1/2 of all juvenile arrests are people of color in JJ system // punishment is harsher and incarceration is likely (overrepresented in the juvenile justice system compared to in the population)
37
what is discretion ?
decision making power police officers have in determining how to handle calls for service. the police have increased discretion in determining juvenile matters
38
Crime in the juvenile system
delinquent act
39
arrest in the juvenile system
taken into custody
40
complaint in the juvenile system
petition
41
arraignment in the juvenile system
initial hearing
42
trial in the juvenile system
fact finding hearing
43
sentenced in the juvenile system
disposition
44
jail in the juvenile system
detention
45
parole in the juvenile system
aftercare
46
parties in the court process
complainant, respondent, assistant corporation counsel, and attorney for child
47
what happens after the juvenile delinquent gets arrested
adjustment, petition and initial appearance, fact finding trial and disposition
48
Potential out-of-court resolutions
adjustment and diversion
49
adjustment
before a case is referred to the Law department, the law allows for the Department of Probation to address it through what are termed adjustment services
50
Diversion
an effort to avoid court intervention. this resolution process is geared toward low-level cases, such as graffiti, marijuana-related offense, trespass, and petit larceny
51
what happens during the petition and initial appearance ?
Department of probation refers the case to the law department for formal processing, an assistant corporation counsel from the law department is assigned to the case. the charges set forth in the petition are formally read, the judge decides the next step for the respondent and the respondent will be represented by the Attorney for Child at this stage.
52
how does the law department investigate a case in the initial appearance ?
speaking to any victim, speaking to the police officers, speaking to any witnesses, reviewing documents or other evidence, visiting the scene of the incident
53
what is a petition?
a legal document describing what offenses the respondent is alleged to have committed
54
what is the first court process for the respondent after the petition has been filed?
Initial appearance
55
What happens at the initial appearance?
the charges set forth in the petition are formally read, the judge decides the next step for the respondent and the respondent will be represented by the Attorney for Child at this stage.
56
what happens at the fact finding trial ?
the respondent may admit the charges in the petition or there can be a fact finding proceeding ( must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the crime was committed)
57
Disposition
Final outcome of the case focused on rehabilitation ad providing services to the respondent ( court shall consider the needs and best interests of the respondent as well as protection for community
58
Correctional options
probation, intensive probation, day treatment, group homes, wilderness programs, foster care, shelter care, bootcamps, house arrest, electronic monitoring, restitution and community service
59
Wilderness programs
strip them from city environment, physical and psychological challenges and confrontational style (short term reductions in recidivism among well run programs)
60
Day treatment
structured activities during the day and return to home during the evening; cheaper than residential and works well if the family is not too dysfunctional
61
Foster care
family paid by state to board abused, status offender, or delinquent child ($550-750 per month); often from lower class and deprived families // parents could be mental ill, addicts, or in prison // foster homes must be licensed-adequate space, nutritious meals and good reputation in community
62
what are some of the problems with foster homes?
the biological parents, older children who are out of control, treating these kids different from their own, parents might become attached, difficult to monitor
63
Boot camps
drills and education, substance abuse treatment, social skills training (short term improvements in personality, antisocial and educational levels) // little effect on recidivism
64
restitution/community service
provides compensation to victims and might be rehabilitative or provide services to the community (could result in lower recidivism rates)
65
group homes
none-secure structured residences could be public or private (some are somewhat selective and vary in population, length of stay, screening, treatment, staffing and physical facility); most 16-18 year olds

Marist Spring 2025 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions