JVD 2017 # 2 Abstracts

Question 1

In “Latney LTV, McDermott C, Scott G, et al. Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2016;248(9):1027.

What procedures were performed?

Answer 1

initially debridement, followed several months later by a pre-maxillectomy

Question 2

In “Latney LTV, McDermott C, Scott G, et al. Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2016;248(9):1027.

Based on cultures, which antimicrobial was chosen and worked in this snake?

Answer 2

Trimethoprim Sulfa

Question 3

In “Latney LTV, McDermott C, Scott G, et al. Surgical management of maxillary and premaxillary osteomyelitis in a reticulated python (Python reticulatus). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2016;248(9):1027.

Wanna see something cool?

Answer 3

Yup, thats a snake CT post-premaxillectomy. Look at their funky backfacing teeth and naturally disarticulated mandibles!!!

Question 4

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

What are the compartments of the frontal sinus? which is the largest?

Answer 4

• caudal,
• rostral
• medial

caudal is the largest

Question 5

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

What structures fill most of the nasal cavity?

To what do the attach?

Answer 5

• The dorsal, ventral, and ethmoidal conchae fill most of the nasal cavity.
• The dorsal and ventral conchae attach on the ethmoid, nasal, and maxillary bones
• Ethmoidal conchae attach only to the ethmoid bones, which form the rostral aspect of the cranial vault

Question 6

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

Which major artery supplies the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

Maxillary artery

Question 7

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

Which smaller artery supplies blood to the dorsal and ventral conchae?

Answer 7

Sphenopalatine

Question 8

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

Which smaller arteries supply blood to the hard palate?

Answer 8

most of the palate, and more rostrally the major palatine artery

caudally minor palatine artery

Question 9

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

Which smaller artery supplies blood to the Ethmoidal conchae?

Answer 9

internal ethmoidal arteries, coming through the cribriform plate

Question 10

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

Which artery supplies blood to the soft tissues external to the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

Infraorbital

Question 11

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

Which vein provides most of the external venous drainage?

Answer 11

facial vein

Question 12

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

Which cranial nerve innervates most superficial muscles

Answer 12

Facial nerve

Question 13

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

Which cranial nerve and MAJOR BRANCH provides sensory innervation to the the nasal mucosa, roots of maxillary teeth?

Answer 13

CN - V - trigeminal - maxillary branch

Question 14

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

What is the most common tumor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 14

Nasal adenocarcinoma

Question 15

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

What is this approach and what is it used to access?

Answer 15

Dorsal

Used to access access the nasal cavity and frontal sinuses.

Question 16

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733.

What approach is this and what is it used access?

Answer 16

ventral approach

the preferred method to access the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal region.

Question 17

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733

What is the preferred approach for the caudal pharyngeal region?

What is important about this approach with regards to planning closure?

Answer 17

Approach through soft palate on midline. Leave caudal border intact to help facilitate closure with less risk of dehiscence.

Question 18

In Weeden AM, Degner DA. Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016;46(4):719-733

Which approach allows the best visualization of the rostral nasal septum region?

Answer 18

The combined rostrolateral rhinotomy approach

Question 19

Gao W, Chan Y, You M, Lacap-Bugler DC, Leung WK, Watt RM. In-depth snapshot of the equine subgingival microbiome. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2016;94(C):76-89.

SKIP

Answer 19

There are bacteria in the equine mouth including spirochaetes and treponema. The end.

Question 20

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.

What was methodology and what were were criteria for inclusion in the study?

Answer 20

• Found in PUBMED, CAB abstracts, Web of Science - search string [(cat OR cats OR feline OR felines) AND (stomatitis OR gingivostomatitis) AND (treatment)]
• Published in English and
• Peer reviewed journal
• spontaneous FCGS and original data (not a recapitulation without new data)
• clearly defined treatment protocol.
• Not as a sequela to other disease for which treatment was aimed (FIV/FeLV)

Question 21

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.

How many published articles met the criteria for inclusion in the study?

Answer 21

16

Question 22

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.

What was the key part of evidence grade A, B and C?

How many studies achieved each grade?

Answer 22

A - Histo

B - semi-quantitative scoring system +/- subjective and owner info

C - subjective and owner info without a semi-quantitative system

A- 2 studies

B - 7 studies

C - 7 studies

Question 23

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.

What were the criteria for evidence design grade 1-5?

how many of each study were there?

Answer 23

1 - randomized double blinded prospective clinical trial - 4 studies

2 - prospective clinical trial +/- control group - 3 Studies

3 - retrospective case series N>10 - 3 studies

4 - retrospective case series N<10 - 1 study

5 - case reports, expert opinions - 5 studies

4

Question 24

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54.

What was the breakdown of medical versus surgical studies?

Answer 24

10 medical

6 surgical

Question 25

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What is the reported MOA for local paramunization, thalidomide, lactoferrin, cyclosporine, recombinant feline interferon omega, and autologous mesenchymal stem cells?

Answer 25

elicit immunomodulatory effects

Question 26

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What is the reported MOA of Prednisolone and piroxicam

Answer 26

reduce inflammation

Question 27

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. **Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What is the reported MOA for Recombinant feline interferon omega?

Answer 27

Impedes viral replication

Question 28

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. **Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What is the reported MOA for lactoferrin?

Answer 28

inhibits bacterial growth

Question 29

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What is the reported MOA for dietary change?

Answer 29

accelerates healing and reduces inflammation

Question 30

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What is the reported MOA for Dental extractions

Answer 30

reduce immune stimulation via eliminating plaque

Question 31

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What is the reported MOA for Zincreo germicidal astringent obtundent

Answer 31

not reported

Question 32

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What was the problem created with control groups rendering study:study comparison pointless?

Answer 32

Each study used a different control treatment, NSAID, Steroid, diet etc.

Question 33

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What was the problem with scoring systems that rendered study:study comparison difficult?

Answer 33

* 4 articles created a novel custom scoring system * 3 modelled a new system off an existing one * 2 used the same scoring system * Some used body weight or owners perceptions

Question 34

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What are the major problems with FCGS research thus far (4)?

Answer 34

* Most studies use different scoring systems * No standardized control therapy * May studies single case reports * Many studies didn’t meet inclusion criteria

Question 35

In Winer JN, Arzi B, Verstraete FJM. Therapeutic Management of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:54. What were the author's recommendations for future FCGS research?

Answer 35

* Histopathology * Use control groups and allow pain medication but no other treatment * Switch control groups to test groups after a period of time (if failed) * Test new treatments and stop repeating the same studies!

Question 36

In Moine S, Flammer SA, De Jesus Maia-Nussbaumer P, Klopfenstein Bregger MD, Gerber V. **Evaluation of the effects of performance dentistry on equine rideability: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial.** Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):195-199. What was the aim of the study?

Answer 36

To determine if: (1) if degree of dental malocclusion assigned prior to dental treatment was associated with equine rideability, assessed using a standardized score and (2) if performance dentistry improved this score.

Question 37

In Moine S, Flammer SA, De Jesus Maia-Nussbaumer P, Klopfenstein Bregger MD, Gerber V. Evaluation of the effects of performance dentistry on equine rideability: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):195-199. What was the methodology?

Answer 37

38 horses, assigned a malocclusion score, half treated and half not treated. all ridden twice before and 3 times after treatment or non-treatment by the same professional rider. assigned a rideability score

Question 38

In Moine S, Flammer SA, De Jesus Maia-Nussbaumer P, Klopfenstein Bregger MD, Gerber V. Evaluation of the effects of performance dentistry on equine rideability: a randomized, blinded, controlled trial. Veterinary Quarterly. 2017;37(1):195-199. What was found?

Answer 38

pre treatment score and treatment versus non treatment had no impact on rideability score.

Question 39

In Riggs GG, Arzi B, Cissell DD, et al. **Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1 - Normal Dentition**. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:93. What was done in the study?

Answer 39

Ten New Zealand white rabbit cadaver heads were scanned using CBCT and conventional CT. The visibility of relevant dental and anatomic features (pulp cavity, germinal center, tooth outline, periodontal ligament) were scored and compared between conventional CT and CBCT.

Question 40

In Riggs GG, Arzi B, Cissell DD, et al. **Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1 - Normal Dentition.** Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:93. What was found in the study?

Answer 40

In general, it was found that CBCT was superior to conventional CT when imaging the dentition. **Importantly, the periodontal ligament was significantly (P \< 0.01) more visible on CBCT than on conventional CT.**

Question 41

In Riggs GG, Arzi B, Cissell DD, et al. Clinical Application of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 1 - Normal Dentition. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2016;3:93. What were the conclusions of the study?

Answer 41

Ability to see the periodontal ligament with such detail may allow earlier detection and treatment of periodontal disease in rabbits.

Question 42

In Riggs GG, Cissell DD, Arzi B, et al. Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2017;4:5. What was done in the study?

Answer 42

•A total of 15 client-owned rabbits had CBCT, oral examination, dental charting, and dental treatment performed under general anesthesia. Images were evaluated using transverse and custom multiplanar (MPR), 3D, and panoramic reconstructed images. The CBCT findings were grouped into abnormalities that could be detected on conscious oral examination vs. abnormalities that could not be detected by conscious oral examination.

Question 43

In Riggs GG, Cissell DD, Arzi B, et al. Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2017;4:5. What were the most common CBCT findings?

Answer 43

* periodontal ligament space widening (14/15), * premolar and molar malocclusion (13/15), * apical elongation (13/15), * coronal elongation (12/15), * inflammatory tooth resorption (12/15), * periapical lucency (11/15),

Question 44

In Riggs GG, Cissell DD, Arzi B, et al. Clinical Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography of the Rabbit Head: Part 2-Dental Disease. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2017;4:5. What was the oral exam finding and CBCT finding that were associated?

Answer 44

Coronal elongation on oral exam associated with apical elongation on CBCT