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Question 1

Toward the front

Answer 1

Anterior/ventral

Question 2

Toward the back

Answer 2

posterior/dorsal

Question 3

toward the head

Answer 3

superior/cranial

Question 4

Away from the head

Answer 4

inferior/caudal

Question 5

toward the midline

Answer 5

medial

Question 6

away from the midline

Answer 6

lateral

Question 7

near the point of origin

Answer 7

proximal

Question 8

away from the point of origin

Answer 8

Distal

Question 9

vertical plane running
from anterior to posterior
locations, dividing the structure
into right and left sides.

Answer 9

sagittal

Question 10

sagittal plane through
the midline, dividing the structure
into right and left halves.

Answer 10

midsagittal

Question 11

vertical plane
running from side to side, dividing
the structure into anterior and
posterior parts.

Answer 11

coronal/frontal

Question 12

horizontal plane dividing
the structure into superior and
inferior parts.

Answer 12

transverse

Question 13

a form of
sheets of epithelial cells that either
cover the external surface of a
structure or that line a cavity.

Answer 13

epithelial tissue

Question 14

can be classified according to
the manner of secretion

Answer 14

glands

Question 15

glands that secrete into a duct

Answer 15

exocrine

Question 16

glands that secrete directly into
the bloodstream

Answer 16

endocrine

Question 17

structure and
support and is a “space filler” for
areas not occupied by other tissue.
It consists of cells, fibers, and
ground substance (Matrix).

Answer 17

connective tissue

Question 18

Eyelid area

a spot of skin color change

Answer 18

Macule

Question 19

Eyelid area

Solid, raise spot

Answer 19

Papule

Question 20

Eyelid area

Blister filled with serous fluid

Answer 20

Vesicle

Question 21

Eyelid area

Large blister

Answer 21

Bulla

Question 22

Eyelid area

pus-filled blister

Answer 22

pustule

Question 23

Eyelid area

scaling from
accumulated keratinizing cells

Answer 23

Keratosis

Question 24

Eyelid area

scaly crust on a red base

Answer 24

eczema

Question 25

Eyelid area excoriated epidermal defect

Answer 25

erosion

Question 26

Eyelid area Epidermal erosion with deeper tissue loss.

Answer 26

ulcer

Question 27

Eyelid area focal or diffuse dilatation of the subepithelial plexus of conjunctival blood vessels, usually with increased blood flow; other changes include fusiform vascular dilation, saccular aneurysms, petechiae, and intra conjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 27

Hyperiemia

Question 28

5 structural planes of the eyelid

Answer 28

(1) the skin and subcutaneous fascia (2) the protractors of the eyelid (3) the orbital septum (4) the retractors of the eyelids (5) the tarsi and conjunctiva

Question 29

marks junction of skin and conjunctiva

Answer 29

grey line

Question 30

a localized area of colour change without infiltration or elevation. A macule may be pigmented (freckle), hypopigmented (vitiligo) or erythematous (capillary haemangioma).

Answer 30

Macule

Question 31

a small solid elevation of skin which may be flat- topped or dome shaped.

Answer 31

papule

Question 32

a small circumscribed lesion containing fluid.

Answer 32

vesicle

Question 33

a collection of pus

Answer 33

pustule

Question 34

a dried skin exudate

Answer 34

crust

Question 35

a solid area of raised skin

Answer 35

nodulen

Question 36

odule consisting of an epithelial-lined cavity filled with fluid or semi solif material

Answer 36

cyst

Question 37

a palpable, shallow elevation of the skin, usually more than 2 cm in diameter.

Answer 37

plaque

Question 38

thickening of the horny layer keratin in the form of readily detached fragments.

Answer 38

scale

Question 39

a tag-like projection from the skin surface.

Answer 39

Papilloma

Question 40

a circumscribed area of skin loss that extends through the epidermis into the dermis.

Answer 40

ulcer

Question 41

an increase in thickness of the keratin layer and appears clinically as scaly skin. Hyperkeratosis may be a feature of both benign and malignant epithelial tumours.

Answer 41

hyperkeratosis

Question 42

thickening of the squamous cell layer.

Answer 42

acanthosis

Question 43

an alteration of the size, morphology and organization of cellular components of a tissue. There is disturbance of normally structured and recognized layers of tissue (e.g. loss of cell polarity.)

Answer 43

dysplasia

Question 44

keratinization other than on the surface

Answer 44

dyskeratosis

Question 45

retention of nuclei into the keratin layer

Answer 45

parakeratosis

Question 46

exhibits dysplastic changes throughout the thickness of the epidermis and marked hyperkeratosis;

Answer 46

carcinoma in situ (intraepidermal carcinoma, Bowen disease)

Question 47

gradual deterioration of organs and cells along with loss of function

Answer 47

degenerative

Question 48

-abnormal or anomalous formation of structure; deformity

Answer 48

malformation

Question 49

deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule

Answer 49

anomalies

Question 50

reaction to an injury or infection where a part become reddened, swollen, hot painful, dolor (pain, redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), heat (calor), function laesa (loss of function)

Answer 50

inflammations

Question 51

Signs and symptoms of inflammation

Answer 51

reddened swollen hot painful dolor (rubor) swelling (tumor) heat (calor)

Question 52

folds symetrically distributed bet upper & lower lids, common in caucasian

Answer 52

palpebralis

Question 53

folds originate fr the medial aspect of upper lids & extends medially. Common in orientals

Answer 53

tarsalis

Question 54

assoc w/ blepharophimosis syndrome, folds starts in the lower lid & extends upward to the medial cantus

Answer 54

Inversus

Question 55

*Increased distance between the medial canthus as a result of an abnormal long medial canthus *Often confused w/ hypertelorism (where there is a wide separation of the orbits) *TREATMENT involves surgical intervention.