K

Question 1

What is the classical stack?

Question 2

How are inputs converted to outputs?

Answer 2

Gates

Question 3

What are bits?

Answer 3

The fundamental units of information in a computer. Either a 0(open circuit) or a 1(closed circuit).

Used because can be electrically easily represented by on or off

Question 4

What are transistors?

Answer 4

Small electric switches

Question 5

What are gates?

Answer 5

Manipulate bits

Question 6

What is a circuit?

Answer 6

A sequence of gates

Question 7

What is the path to Quantum Coding?

Answer 7

1. Basics of Python
2. Basics of Cirq
3. Quantum coding

Question 8

What are python Libraires?

Answer 8

Specialised fools in a toolbox. Pre made instructions ready to go

Question 9

What are the main python coding libraries for Quantum Computing

Answer 9

Cirq and numpy

Question 10

what are attributes?

data

Answer 10

• the information we work with
• eg: the names of all the students in a class or the answer to a problem

nouns/ names

Question 11

what are methods (behaviour)?

Answer 11

• the actions we perform with the data
• eg: sorting the names of students/ calculating the naswers to a problem

verbs/ actions

Question 12

what is an object?

Answer 12

attributes and methods together

Question 13

what are data types/ classes?

Answer 13

a tool to create a specific object

cookie cutter

Question 14

what are the conventions of naming variables?

Answer 14

• no numbers at the **
  start **
• no special characters
• no built in words

Question 15

what is a quantum computer?

Answer 15

a device that akes inputs, processes them in a quantum mechanical way and outputs the results
* superposition
* interference
* entanglement
* measurement

Question 16

what is the problem of the classical stack?

Answer 16

• the end of moores law
• limitations of the atomic scale
• cannot put that many transistors into small micro chip

Question 17

what is quantum tunneling?

Answer 17

an object teleporting to the other side of a closed barrier without ever touching it

Question 18

what are problematic quantum effects?

Answer 18

• as the micro chip is made smaller and smaller
• the probability of quantum tunneling becomes more and more frequent
• 1s could look ike 0s leading to calculation errors beyond correction

classical computers cannot be made more powerful

Question 19

what is the quantum stack?

bottom to top

Answer 19

1. quantum bits (Qubits)
2. quantum gates
3. quantum circuits
4. quantum algorithms and protocols
5. applications

usses quantumn mechnaics

Question 20

what is a qubit?

Answer 20

can be in a state of 0 or 1 **or in a state of superposition **

Question 21

what is the super position analogy?

Answer 21

flipping a coin

Question 22

what are the two different quantumn gates?

Answer 22

• X gate (gives opposite)
• H gate (creates equal super position)

Question 23

what are 3 main ways to represent qubits?

Answer 23

• ket notation |0> |1>,
• the bloch sphere
• vectors

Question 24

what are the advantagtes of quantum computers?

Answer 24

• can search / test large databases much quicker
• secure encryption
  *

Question 25

what are the limitations of classical physics?

Answer 25

electrons don't collapse into the nucleus

Question 26

what is destructive wave interference?

Answer 26

wavelengths are added yp so cancel each other out

Question 27

what is contructive interference?

Answer 27

when waves add up and become twice as big

Question 28

what is the double slit experiment?

Answer 28

* if light was a wave then we would see multiple lines showing as an interfernec pattern * if light was a particle there would just be projection

Question 29

what is an interference pattern?

Answer 29

when construction interference and destruction interfernce happen as there is a source of two waves

Question 30

describe the property of electron after the double slit experiemnt

Answer 30

wave- particle duality is both as is discrete but arranged in the interefernce pattern

Question 31

define super position

Answer 31

the ability of a quatum object to be in multiple states at the same time, with probabilities of being measured in each state

Question 32

define interference

Answer 32

the ability of waves and wavefunctions to add up or cancel each other out when they overlap

Question 33

define measurement

Answer 33

forcing a superposition to pick what state the object will be in. This is irreversible and destroys the superposition | super position collapse

Question 34

how does super psoition apply to quantum objects (eg: electron)

Answer 34

allows it to be in multiple states at the same time

Question 35

what is a wave function?

Answer 35

how likley we are to find the electron at wach possible state | the larger the wave the higher the probability

Question 36

what is the result of measuremnt?

Answer 36

always random.

Question 37

what happens when yo try to measure wave function

Answer 37

always destroys superposition, the interference pattern dissapears

Question 38

what is entanglement?

Answer 38

one one object's state depends on the other object's state | electrons communicating with each other

Question 39

how is entanglement useful?

Answer 39

information is found more powerfully than with classical objects