KA 4: sex and behaviour: parental investment Flashcards

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1
Q

from which parent is there greater investment?

A

females

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2
Q

compare the sperm production to egg production in relation to number and energy store

A

sperm: produced in much larger numbers than eggs

eggs: larger energy store than sperm

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3
Q

describe female investment

A

in the egg structure in non-mammals or in the uterus and during gestation in mammals.

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4
Q

pro and con of parental investment

A

-costly

-increases the probability of production and survival of young

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5
Q

what is the classification of r-selected (r-strategists) and K-selected (k-strategists) organisms based on?

A

level of parental care in offspring and number of offspring produced

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6
Q

describe the characteristics of r-selected species (6)

A

-smaller

-have a shorter generation time

-mature more rapidly

-produce a larger number of smaller offspring, each of which receives only a smaller energy input

-limited parental care

-most offspring dont reach adulthood

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7
Q

list the characteristics of k-selected species (6)

A

-larger and live longer

-mature more slowly

-can reproduce many times in their lifetime

-produce relatively few, larger offspring

-high level of parental care

-many offspring have a high probability of surviving to adulthood

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8
Q

when does r selection occur?

A

in unstable environments where the species has not reached its reproductive capacity

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9
Q

when does k-selection occur?

A

in stable environments

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10
Q

benefit (1) and cost (3) of external fertilisation

A

benefit:
-very large numbers of offspring

cost:
-many gametes predated or not fertilised
-no or limited parental care
-few offspring survive

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11
Q

benefit (4) and cost (2) of internal fertilisation

A

benefit:
-increased chance of successful fertilisation
-fewer eggs needed
-offspring can be retained internally for protection and/or development
-higher offspring survival rate

cost:
-a mate must be located, which requires energy expenditure
-requires direct transfer of gametes from one partner to another

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