KA2- PLANT AND ANIMAL BREEDING

Question 1

what is breeding?

what does it involve?

Answer 1

involves selectively breeding organisms to produce improved stock

Question 2

characteristics to sustain a sustainable food source

or breeders develop crops/ animals with

Answer 2

• higher yield
• higher nutritional values
• resistance to diseases and pests
• ability to grow in any particaular climate

Question 3

plant field trials

what are they? why?

Answer 3

• enables comparison of preformance of different cultivars or treatments and to evaluate GM crops
• often carried out in a range of enviroments

Question 4

considerations to take for plant field trials

Answer 4

1. selection of treaments
2. number of replicates
3. randomisation of treatments
4. repeats in other enviroments

Question 5

inbreeding

definition

Answer 5

involves the fusion of 2 gametes from close relatives

Question 6

inbreeding

issues/ negatives

Answer 6

• increased frequency of individual’s homozygous for recessive deleterious alleles
• consequent reduction in survival to reproductive age
• inbreeding depression is the result of this

Question 7

cross breeding

definition

Answer 7

different breed of animal is crossed to produce improved characteristics in the cross-bred population

Question 8

F1 Hybrids

what are they? what do they show?

Answer 8

different inbred lines of plants can be crossed to produce a relatively uniform heterozygous crops
such plants show increased vigour( e.g. disease resistance) and yeild

Question 9

why is it not common for F1 hybrids to be bred together

Answer 9

the F2 generation show too much variation

Question 10

genetic technology has found what?

genes

Answer 10

desirable genes in orgsnisms whcih then can be used for breedding programmes
use recombinant DNA technology
and creates GM crops with improved characteristics