KA.2.2 Hormonal Control of reproduction

Question 1

What is a hormone

Answer 1

chemcical produced at one site and has an effect on another site

Question 2

What is the site of hormone production

Answer 2

Endocrine glands and are secreted directly into bloodstream

Question 3

What triggers the onset of puberty

Answer 3

hypothalamus secretes a releaser hormone whose target is pituitary gland

Question 4

What happens the pituitary gland is stimulated

Answer 4

releases FSH, ISCH or LH these hormones trigger sperm & testosterone production and menstrual cycle

Question 5

What does FSH do for men

Answer 5

arrives in bloodstream at testes and promotes sperm production in seminiferous tubules

Question 6

What does ICSH do for men

Answer 6

arrives in bloodstream at testes and stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Question 7

What can testosterone for sperm

Answer 7

Stimulates sperm production in seminiferous tubules , activates prostate gland and seminal vesicles

Question 8

What is Negative feedback control

Answer 8

concentration of testosterone builds up in bloodstream, reaches level where inhibits secretion of FSH and ICSH, leads to decrease in testosterone, which then triggers the whole production again`

Question 9

How long does menstrual cycle last

Answer 9

28 days

Question 10

what is the first stage on menstrual cycle

Answer 10

Follicular phase (1st half)

Question 11

What is the second stage on menstrual cycle

Answer 11

Luteal Phase (2nd half)

Question 12

What does FSH do for women

Answer 12

Stimulates development and maturation of each follicle,
Stimulates production of oestrogen by follicle in follicular phase

Question 13

what does LH do for women

Answer 13

Trigger ovulation
Brings development of corpus luteum from follicle
Stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone

Question 14

What happens when ovary wall secretes oestrogen

Answer 14

Stimulates proliferation (cell division) of endometrium preparing for implantation
Alters cervical mucus becomes thin and watery making it more penetrable by sperm
Peak levels pf oestrogen stimulates surge in secretion of LH triggering ovulation

Question 15

In Luteal phase corpus luteum secretes progesterone, what does progesterone do

Answer 15

Promotes further development and vascularisation of endometrium into spongy layer rich in blood vessels, preparing for implantation
Inhibits secretion of FSH and LH

Question 16

What happens when concentration of oestrogen builds up in Follicular phase

Answer 16

Stimulates proliferation and repair of endometrium
Triggers production of LH and FSH (day 14)

Question 17

what happens when LH is released in follicular phase

Answer 17

causes ovulation causing follicle to rupture and release ovum may result in fertilisation

Question 18

What happens when high levels of oestrogen and progesterone during Luteal phase

Answer 18

triggers an inhibitory effect on pituitary gland, so concentrations of FSH and LH drop, causing no new follicles develop

Question 19

what happens when fertilisation occurs

Answer 19

Embryo secretes hormone called Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin which has same effect as LH

Question 20

What does HCG do when fertilisation occurs

Answer 20

Maintains Corpus Luteum so it doesn’t degenerate and continues to secrete progesterone preventing menstruation

Question 21

What happens after 6 weeks of pregnancy

Answer 21

placenta takes the job of corpus luteum by secreting progesterone

Question 22

How are pregnancy tests based off

Answer 22

the presence of HCG in urine

Question 23

What happens when fertilisation does not happen

Answer 23

Lack of LH leads to degeneration of corpus luteum, rapid drop of progesterone and oestrogen

Question 24

what to endometrium by day 28 of no fertilisation

Answer 24

ovarian hormones are at such a low levels that endometrium can no longer be maintained leads to menstruation

Question 25

what is menstruation

Answer 25

loss of inner layer of endometrium accompanied by small volume of blood