KA3- Gene Expression

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

A section of DNA which carries the code for the production of protein molecules

Question 2

What does RNA splicing make genes do?

Answer 2

It can make a gene code for one protein or several different proteins

Question 3

What is a genotype?

Answer 3

The genetic composition of a cell

Question 4

What is phenotype determined by?

Answer 4

The proteins that are made when the gene is expressed

Question 5

What do genes code for?

Answer 5

Proteins which perform all the functions required by each cell

Question 6

What is genotype determined by?

Answer 6

The sequence of DNA bases in genes

Question 7

What does gene expression involve?

Answer 7

The transcription and translation of DNA sequences to produce proteins

Question 8

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 8

Using transcription and translation of DNA sequences to produce proteins

Question 9

What does transcription involve?

Answer 9

Copying the sequence of bases in a gene to create mRNA

Question 10

What does transcription create?

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

What is translation?

Answer 11

When the sequence creates by transcription is turned into an amino acid sequence of a protein

Question 12

What is RNA?

Answer 12

A nucleic acid

Question 13

Why can RNA form complementary strands with DNA

Answer 13

As it has a similar structure to DNA

Question 14

Is RNA double or single stranded?

Answer 14

Single

Question 15

What does RNA have instead of thymine?

Answer 15

Uracil

Question 16

What type of sugar do RNA nucleotides have?

Answer 16

Ribose

Question 17

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 17

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

Question 18

What does rRNA stand for?

Answer 18

Ribosomal RNA

Question 19

What does tRNA stand for?

Answer 19

Transfer RNA

Question 20

What does mRNA stand for?

Answer 20

Messenger RNA

Question 21

What does mRNA carry?

Answer 21

A copy of the DNA code for a gene from the nucleus to ribosome

Question 22

Where does mRNA a carry the copy of DNA code?

Answer 22

From the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 23

How is a molecule of mRNA formed?

Answer 23

The base sequence of the gene is transcribed

Question 24

What does each triplet of mRNA codon correspond to?

Answer 24

A specific amino acid

Question 25

What is this series of codons translated into?

Answer 25

An amino acid sequence by the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 26

What is tRNA?

Answer 26

A single strand of rRNA that folds back on itself

Question 27

What holds tRNA’s correct shape?

Answer 27

Complementary base pairing

Question 28

What does each tRNA have?

Answer 28

An exposed triplet of bases at one end and an amino acid attachment site at the other

Question 29

What is the correct name for the exposed triplet of bases on tRNA?

Answer 29

Anti-codon

Question 30

What does each tRNA carry?

Answer 30

A specific amino acid to the ribosome

Question 31

Why does tRNA carry a specific amino acid? It

Answer 31

So that it can be translated into a protein

Question 32

What combines to form a ribosome?

Answer 32

rRNA name a protein

Question 33

What is a ribosome?

Answer 33

The molecular machine that reads the mRNA code and assembles a protein

Question 34

What does genetic code determine?

Answer 34

The sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 35

How many triplets are there in the genetic code?

Answer 35

64

Question 36

How many different amino acids are found in proteins?

Answer 36

20

Question 37

What does the sequence of amino acids determine?

Answer 37

The structure, shape and function of the produced protein

Question 38

What is the first step of protein synthesis?

Answer 38

Copy a gene to form an mRNA molecule which is then spliced

Question 39

What is the second step of protein synthesis?

Answer 39

The modified mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm

Question 40

What is the third step of protein synthesis?

Answer 40

Ribosome attached to the mRNA and amino acids are lined up to form a polypeptide. The polypeptide folds to form a protein