KA6- SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

Question 1

what are social heirarchies?

Answer 1

there is a ranking order
the top of the heirarchy will be able to choose between mates and have firet pickings for food

Question 2

how do other males in a heirarchy challange the alpha male?

Answer 2

THREAT GESTURES- raised features, teeth showing

Question 3

what happens in a heirarchy if the challenger gives in?

type of gesture

Answer 3

SUBORDINATE GESTURES- lowered features, eyes diverted

Question 3

give ADVANTAGES of a social heirarchy

Answer 3

increased chance of survival as
* energy is concerved
* experienced leadership is garunteed
* aggression is ritualised so violence is minimised

Question 4

what is meant by co-orperative hunting

and who gets first helpings

Answer 4

animals which live in social groups work together to kill their prey
dominant males get first pickings

Question 5

name ADVANTAGES to co-orperative hunting

Answer 5

increased chance of survival as
* all memebers recieve food
* sucsess is greater
* energy used is induvidually less

Question 6

give examples of cooperative hunting methods in animals

Answer 6

DOGS/WOLVES-running down prey
LIONS- ambush
CHIMPS- drive prey towards others

Question 7

name social mechanisms for coping with danger

why it is advantageous and what techniques do they use

Answer 7

saftey in numbers
many eyes to spot predators
specialised formation- mobbing in musk oxen
quails roost in circles

Question 8

what is ALTRUISM

Answer 8

when an animal will behave in a way that disadvantages them whilst benefiting another animal

Question 9

what is RECIPROCAL ALTRUISM?

Answer 9

if the animal helps they expect the favour to be returned

Question 10

what is KIN SELECTION

Answer 10

acts of apparent altruism carried out to help close relatives
ensures survival of offspring
ensures immorality of genes

Question 11

describe the honey bee colony

Answer 11

1 queen bee (sole producer of all larvae)
workers (thousands of females)
drones (few hundred males that fertilise the queens eggs)

Question 12

describe the social structure of primates

related to what?

Answer 12

complex and variable
related to
* ecological niche
* resource distribution and
* taxonomic group

Question 13

explain an ecological niche interms of primate behaviour

example

Answer 13

will exploit a wide range of food
example male chimpd eill hunt for pigs, monkeys or antelopes if fruit is in shoet supply

Question 14

resource distribution

Answer 14

home range- geographical area where they search for food
size and range depend on resources

Question 15

taxonomic group

Answer 15

tend to occupy similar ecological niches and possess a similar social stucture

Question 16

describe parental care in primates

Answer 16

produce small number of young
give great care to them
long period of care from parents
young learn what is needed to survive
learn through communication, cooperation, sharing

Question 17

reducing conflict in primates

wha type of behaviour, examples

Answer 17

exhibit threat displays continues until
appeasment behaviour- grooming, facial expression and body posture

Question 18

social status and alliences

Answer 18

changing social status is possible
vervet monkeys- females form heirarchies where females will inheret itd mothers social status