KA7.1- Atherosclerosis

Question 1

(Causes) 1) A diet high in… 17

Answer 1

saturated fats or cholesterol causes an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood

Question 2

(Causes) 2) A higher ratio of LDL to HDL… 17

Answer 2

will result in higher blood cholesterol and an increased chance of atherosclerosis

Question 3

(Causes) 3) Lack of… 9

Answer 3

physical activity tends to raise LDL levels

Question 4

(Causes) 4) Diets consisting of… 12

Answer 4

high levels of total fat and saturated fat (diabetes)

Question 5

(Development) 1) Atherosclerosis is … (consist…) forming… 26

Answer 5

the accumulation of fatty material (consist mainly of cholesterol, fibrous material and calcium) forming an atheroma or plaque beneath the endothelium of an artery

Question 6

(Development) 2) As the atheroma grows… 11

Answer 6

the artery thickens and loses its elasticity

Question 7

(Development) 3) The diameter of the lumen… resulting in… 18

Answer 7

becomes reduced and blood flow becomes restricted resulting in increased blood pressure

Question 8

(Health problems) 1) Atherosclerosis is the root cause of… —>… 17

Answer 8

various CVD —> angina, myocardial infarction, stroke or PVD

Question 9

(Health problems) 2)Thrombosis

Answer 9

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

Question 10

(Health problems) 2i) Atheroma may… 6

Answer 10

rupture damaging the endothelium

Question 11

(Health problems) 2ii) The damage releases… resulting in… 24

Answer 11

clotting factors that activate a cascade of reactions resulting in the conversion of the enzyme prothrombin to its active form thrombin

Question 12

(Health problems) 2iii) A thrombosis in a… 13

Answer 12

coronary artery may lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Question 13

(Health problems) 2iv) A thrombosis in an… 13

Answer 13

artery in the brain may lead to a stroke