KAFO

Question 1

Isolated Genu Varum/Valgum

Answer 1

Knee Braces

Question 2

recurvatum causes

Answer 2

Hamstring weakness
Quadricep spasticity
plantarflexion contracture

Question 3

Recurvatum treatment

Answer 3

Solid AFO

KAFO once AFO is no longer successful

Question 4

Knee flexion causes

Answer 4

Quadriceps weakness

Flexion contracture

Question 5

Knee flexion treatment

Answer 5

locking knee brace for contracture management/ preventing further flexion during gait

Question 6

Indications for weight-relieving KAFOs

Answer 6

Pain on weight-bearing (bi-compartmental OA)
To reduce corrective forces required
Prevention of subluxing hip
Following girdlestone procedure

Question 7

Stance Control KAFO

Answer 7

Stance phase stability + Swing phase freedom (unlocks at terminal stance)

Question 8

Benefits of SC

Answer 8

Improved ground clearance/ reduced complications

Improved cadence, velocity and stride length (more natural gait)

Question 9

Types of stance control

Answer 9

ankle activated- dependant on tibial progression (requires ankle motion)
Position activated- unlocks in a predetermined position
Weight activated- senses load change during stance phase

Question 10

Contraindications for stance control KAFO

Answer 10

Fixed knee flexion >15
fixed genu varum/valgum
Weight limitations
inabiity to advance limb (weak hip flexors and lack of compensation)
lack of hip abductors
impaired cognetive function
impaired balance
leg length discrepancy

Question 11

Flexion control forces

Answer 11

Straps directly above and below the knee, Posterior proximal thigh and posterior distal calf section

Question 12

Extension control forces

Answer 12

Posterior proximal calf, posterior distal thigh. Proximal thigh strap, distal calf strap

Question 13

Valgus control forces

Answer 13

laterally directly above and below knee. Medial proximal thigh, medial distal calf

Question 14

Varus control forces

Answer 14

Medially directly above and below knee. Lateral proximal thigh, lateral distal calf

Question 15

Gravity ring lock

Answer 15

Ring of metal surrounding lock.
Locks automatically when knee is fully extended, manually lifted to unlock
Requires good hand function (not an option bilaterally or if walking aids are required)

Question 16

Manual ring lock

Answer 16

Does not lock automatically. Option for bilateral patients but still requires good hand function.
Potential to walk on an unlocked knee (fatiguable knee weakness)

Question 17

Lever locks

Answer 17

Extended lever to make locking/unlocking easier.

Tight clothing may cause locks to disengage

Question 18

Adjustable extension ring locks

Answer 18

For flexion contractures

Question 19

ACL injury symptoms

Answer 19

Popliteal pain
swelling/stifness
Instability
difficulty walking

Question 20

ACL injury treatment

Answer 20

Knee bracing

Question 21

PCL injury symptoms

Answer 21

Patella-femoral pain
Instability
Knee OA

Question 22

PCL injury treatment

Answer 22

Knee bracing