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ENDO 2 > KANIS > Flashcards

KANIS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common acute cause of neutrophilia

A
  • ACUTE INFECTION–> Leukocytosis with a left shift
  • glucocorticoids –> increase marrow release and mobilization of marginated leukocytes
  • Epinephrine –> with exercise, excitement, or stress will demarginate neutrophils in the spleen and lung and double the neutrophil count w/in mins
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2
Q

Neutropenia may be caused by..

A

**NEUTROPENIA IS MOST COMMONLY IATROGENIC**

** Cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapies cause decreased production of rapidly growing stem cells** (CHEMOTHERAPY)

hypersplenism

chemotherapy

post infection

immune mediated disorder

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3
Q

when are serum eosinophils elevated

A

Allergic disorders

Helminthic infections

asthma

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4
Q

Neutropenia levels

A
  • Associated w/ susceptibility to infection below 1000
  • ANC < 1000 = more susceptible
  • ANC < 500 = control of endogenous flora is a problem (high risk of overwhelming bacterial infection
  • ANC < 200= inflammatory precess is absent
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5
Q

presentation of neutropenia

A
  • recurrent infections are the ONLY significant consequence of neutropenia
  • classic signs of infection are often less evident in patients with neutropenia
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6
Q

Neutropenic fever

A

Fever (38.3 or recurrent temp >38)

Neutropenia (polys + bands < 500/ul) (ANC)

  • IN THE ABSENCE OF NEUTROPHILS, SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION CAN BE EXTREMELY SUBTLE
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7
Q

Diagnostic study for fever and neutropenia

A
  • RECTAL EXAM RELATIVELY CONTRAINDICATED (could be source of infection)
  • PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS MAY BE SUBTLE AS PATIENTS ARE USUALLY UNABLE TO GENERATE SIGNIFICANT INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES
    • Look in mouth, perineum, peri-rectal areas, catheter sites
      *
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8
Q

Virchow’s node

A
  • Left Supraclavicular node
  • Receives most of body’s lymphatic fluid via the THORACIC DUCT
  • common site of lymphatic metastasis for many malignancies
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9
Q

Pallor

A

Anemia

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10
Q

Angular stomatitis

A

Fe deficiency

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11
Q

Glossitis

A
  • Megaloblastic anemia or Fe deficiency
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12
Q

symptoms of Thrombocytopenia

A
  • LOW PLATELET COUNT (<20,000)
  • Epistaxis
  • bleeding from gums and mucous membranes
  • menorrhagia
  • petechiae
  • exessive bleeding after trauma or surgery
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13
Q

What are the primary sites for hematopoesis?

What are the primary site for bone biopsy?

A

Hematopoesis = Pelvis, sternum, and ribs

Bone biospey = posterior iliac crest

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14
Q

Indications

A
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15
Q

M:E ratio

A

Myeloid to erythroid ratio

  • Normal = 3:1 (3 myeloid to every one erythroid cell)
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16
Q

Common Indications for bone marrow biopsy

A
  • NO BONE MARROW TO WORK UP DIABETES

ENDO 2 (15 decks)

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