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Kaplan/UWorld > Kaplan > Flashcards

Kaplan Flashcards

1
Q

How long do special precautions need to be taken for handling body fluids after chemo?

A

48 hours

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2
Q

After a circumcision on a newborn, what is considered a normal finding? What would indicate an infection?

A

Yellow exudate

Moist and slight red at base –> infection

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3
Q

When a patient is refusing what kind of questions do you want to avoid asking them?

A

Avoid WHY questions

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4
Q

Should a patient ever have no socks on?

A

Even if don’t have non-skid socks then should wear slippers because barefeet can be slippery

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5
Q

A Glasgow come scale of 8 or less means what?

A

That they are likely in a coma and need intubated and monitored

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6
Q

Are straight caths at home sterile or clean?

A

It is a clean procedure and they can be reused after cleaned with antibacterial soap or povidone

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7
Q

If an order has a trailing 0 such as 4.0 what should the nurse do?

A

Question it

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8
Q

What does an absent red reflex in a newborns eye indicate?

A

An ophthalmic emergency

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9
Q

Atomoxetine is used for what? What teaching?

A

ADHD

Low risk for dependence
W/ or W/O food
Check weight weekly d/t anorexia
Fruits and veggies d/t constipation
Increases suicide risk

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10
Q

TPA should be used in caution if what s/s are present?

A

An infection s/s

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11
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Memory
Voluntary eye and motor movement
Speech
Personality
Behavior
Emotions

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12
Q

Phenelzine is an.. you should avoid..

A

MAOi

Avoid aged cheeses

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13
Q

What is unique about nitro solutions?

A

They need to be protected from light

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14
Q

Who is at risk for TB?

A

TB is opportunistic so anyone with something that causes them to be immunocompromised is at risk

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15
Q

Should you removed skin/skeletal traction when changing a patient position?

A

NO
Skin/skeletal traction should not be removed unless provider order

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16
Q

What is the normal coagulation time?

A

2-8 minutes

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17
Q

When giving a blood transfusion, what are s/s of a hemolytic reaction?

A

Neck, chest and back pain
Hematuria
Skin flushing
Increase HR and RR
Hypotension
DIC
Vascular collapse
Shock
Death

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18
Q

What does cognitive therapy do?

A

Focuses on the immediate thought process

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19
Q

What puts a patient at increased risk for cholelithiasis?

A

Multiparity
Over 40 YOA
Fasting - decreases gallbladder movement

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20
Q

What are things that are included in primary health prevention?

A

Health education programs
Immunization
Physical and nutritional fitness activities

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21
Q

What is the hallmark s/s of myasthenia gravis?

A

Choking and aspiration so maintain a patent airway and preventing aspiration is top priority

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22
Q

How often should restraints be removed?

A

Every 2 hours to preform skin assessment and ROM

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23
Q

What is acetylcysteine? What patients is it used in?

A

Mucolytic - used to break up/liquify mucus

Can be used in pts with CF or pulmonary congestion

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24
Q

What is levofloxacin?

A

Broad spectrum antibiotic

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25
Q

What is the role of amniotic fluid? If oligo occurs what are the risks?

A

Prevent cord compression and promote lung development

Pulmonary hypoplasia - lack of alveolar distention so increase providers at birth
Cord compression - continuous fetal monitoring

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26
Q

What should be given for a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose?

A

Sodium bicarb because it raises the pH which neutralizes levels of toxic TCA leading to a reduced risk of life threatening arrhythmia

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27
Q

What is the best indicator that antibiotic treatment is working?

A

WBC count

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28
Q

Can you take NSAIDS in pregnancy?

A

Not recommended in the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy
Contraindicated in the I 3rd trimester of pregnancy because could cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriousus

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29
Q

Can you use ACE inhibitors and ARBs in pregnancy?

A

NO both ACE inhibitors (-pril) and ARBs (-sartan) are contraindicated in pregnancy
Can cause fetal injury/death

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30
Q

What does systematic desensitization used for?

A

Decreases extreme response to anxiety producing situations. Most effective for patients with phobias

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31
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy is indicated for which patients?

A

Severe depression and catatonic conditions after medications have failed

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32
Q

What is a major concern with a spinal cord injury?

A

Breathing/diaphragm can be affected depending on the level of injury

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33
Q

If there are shared rooms, who should a post-op patient not share a room with

A

Someone who is considered contaminated so either has an infection or on antibiotics

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34
Q

What could severe persistent abdominal pain during pregnancy mean?

A

Ectopic pregnancy if early
Worsening pre-e
Placenta abruption

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35
Q

When is the third stage of AWS? What s/s?

A

3-4 days after last drink

Fever, HTN, delirium, drenching sweats, severe tremors

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36
Q

What vaccines should a 4 year old get?

A

MMR nad inactivated poliovirus

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37
Q

When collecting evidence for a crime scene from a patient what should you place it in?

A

Paper bag

Plastic bags can cause bacteria to grow

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38
Q

What are early s/s of alcohol withdrawal?

A

Hyperalterness
Easily startled
Anorexia
Increased HR
Anxiety
Tremors
Insomnia
Hallucinations

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39
Q

What is an adverse reaction to epoetin alfa?

A

DVT - swelling, pain, erythema

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40
Q

Painless vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks could indicate what?

A

Placenta previa

NO VAGINAL EXAMS

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41
Q

What 2 medications should alcohol withdrawal patients be on?

A

Benzos and thiamine (administer with glucose to prevent Wernicke encephalapathy)

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42
Q

For an intubated patient what should you auscultate?

A

The neck listening for any cuff leaks

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43
Q

What is the highest risk factor for stress-related disorder?

A

Death of a spouse

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44
Q

Doxazosin is a..

A

Anithypertensive

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45
Q

Prior to dialysis what medications should be held?

A

Antimicrobials because dialysate solution removes them
Anything that will affect BP

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46
Q

What SE should be monitored for with phenazopyridine?

A

Skin/sclera develop yellowish tinge CALL HCP

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47
Q

When should women get paps?

A

Every 3 years from ages 21-29

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48
Q

What will you see in the mouth in a patient with candidasis?

A

White patches

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49
Q

Should you use cold when relieving pain for a patient in a sickle cell crisis?

A

NO
Cold will cause vasoconstriction and further limits blood flow leading to increased pain

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50
Q

What history increased the risk of a patient having gastric cancer?

A

Peptic ulcer disease because of H. Pylori in the stomach

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51
Q

What is a s/s of psoriasis? Is it contagious?

A

Silver colored plaques

Genetic but not contagious

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52
Q

Does heat relieve itching?

A

No heat causes vasodilation –> itching

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53
Q

What is a SE of chemo to monitor for?

A

Peripheral neuropathies

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54
Q

What is autonomic dysreflexia? S/S?

A

Dangerously high BP and if untreated can lead to intracranial bleeding and death

HA is an sign

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55
Q

What is a SE of long term anti-retroviral therapy?

A

Hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease

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56
Q

What position is best what preforming a lumbar puncture?

A

Laying supine because is prevent HA form leaking CSF at puncture site

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57
Q

What should you avoid while preforming kegels?

A

Avoid flexing the abdomen, thighs and butt muscles

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58
Q

What S/S would you see with Right sided HF?

A

Congestion in the venous system

Peripheral edema, JVD, pink tinged sputum, anorexia, pulmonary congestion/crackles, ascites

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59
Q

Does latent TB require any interventions?

A

Yes requires medication

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60
Q

What does secondary health promotion focus on?

A

Screening for early detection of the disease

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61
Q

What foods are okay to eat with ulcerative colitis?

A

Food that are low-residue

Canned, cooked, seedless, skinless veggies, refined grains (white bread), cheese, milk, meats

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62
Q

If a nurse doesn’t document the whole shift what should you do?

A

Just document on the line right below it leaving no space

A nurse cannot document for another nurse

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63
Q

What does an esophagogastric tube treat? What is the patient at high risk for?

A

Treats bleeding from esophageal varies

High risk for bleeding and hypotensive shock

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64
Q

When accessing a PICC line what should the nurse do?

A

Flush with 10mL of NS

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65
Q

When does bloody show occur during labor?

A

In the transition (3rd) phase of the 1st stage of labor

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66
Q

What are the rules while giving care with a patient that has radiation device?

A

No more than 30 minutes
6 feet away from radiation source
No pregnant women visiting

67
Q

What labs would you expect with adrenocortical insufficiency?

A

Hyponatremia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia

68
Q

If you expect a CSF leak what should you test the fluid for to confirm?

A

CSF will have glucose

69
Q

If you lower the HOB what ill happen to ICP?

A

ICP will increase

70
Q

What is rotavirus? Precautions?

A

GI infection –> diarrhea

Contact

71
Q

What precautions is streptococcus pneumoniae on?

A

Droplet

72
Q

Does a patient having a miscarriage early on need immediate treatment? S/S?

A

No , should use pads and save/count them

Moderate cramping and frank red vaginal bleeding

73
Q

What immunity is given via breast milk?

A

IgA

74
Q

What is the hallmark sign of schizophrenia?

A

inability to trust others so difficult forming relationships is the priority

75
Q

What can help to treat cluster HA?

A

Sumatriptan

100% O2 via facemark because causes vasoconstriction and increases serotonin

76
Q

What are Atypical s/s of an MI for females?

A

Jaw pain
Fatigue
Nausea

77
Q

What is the most common cause of ARDS?

A

aspiration

78
Q

What education should you give about hydralazine?

A

Take with food to increase bioavailibilty
OTC meds should be avoided w/o speaking with HCP
Could cause orthostatic hypotension

79
Q

What is isoniazid hard on?

A

Liver

Look for jaundice

In different races, may have to look at the hard palate for jaundice

80
Q

For OCD what should you do if they are preforming a ritual that is harmful to themselves?

A

Divert attention towards other activities

81
Q

When is sodium bicarb given in acidosis?

A

if pH is lower than 7

82
Q

What is a late sign of a tension pneumothorax?

A

tracheal deviation

83
Q

While in a leg cast what type of exercise should you do?

A

Quadriceps setting of affected limb

This contracts the muscle w/o moving the joint –> maintain muscle strength

84
Q

How should you take iron supplements? What should be avoided?

A

Take on empty stomach or with a vitamin C drink

Avoid taking with antacids, milk, caffeine

85
Q

What is an early sign of a pressure injury?

A

nonblanchable erythema

86
Q

What electrolyte imbalances would you expect with anorexia nervosa?

A

Hypokalemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypophosphatemia

87
Q

What diet should a patient with a radium implant be on?

A

Low residue diet so there is a decreases amount of stool and BM because these could dislodge the implant

88
Q

When is a breast exam ideally done?

A

1 week after onset of menses when hormonal influence on breasts are low

89
Q

What could cause iron deficiency anemia?

A

Chronic blood loss
Removal of duodenum because malabsorption of iron

90
Q

What can long term corticosteroids lead to?

A

Osteoporosis

91
Q

When there has been rupture of membranes, what is a risk when ambulating them?

A

Cord prolapse so should not be ambulated

92
Q

What should you do when assessing child/baby ear?

A

pull pinna of ear down and back to straighten

93
Q

What are appropriate toddler toys?

A

Pounding book
Cloth picture book

94
Q

A prolapsed stoma.. A retracted stoma…

A

Prolapsed = protrudes
Retracted = sunken and inverted

95
Q

What is a sign of malignant melanoma?

A

irregular shaped lesion

96
Q

What lab is increased in a patient with sickle cell?

A

Reticoulcyte because there is a decrease in RBC lifespan

97
Q

What happens if a patient does not rotate injection sites?

A

There is decrease absorption so with insulin it results in increase glucose

98
Q

What is the goal in tertiary health promotion?

A

Prevent disability and complication of the condition

99
Q

What VS compensates for increase blood in pregnancy?

A

HR increases

100
Q

What occurs in lithium toxicity?

A

Vomitting, diarrhea, slurred speech, decreased coordination, drowsiness, muscle twitching

101
Q

What food can decrease cholesterol by 10%?

A

Fiber

102
Q

Can a patient with a graft/autograft on legs walk?

A

Need to be immobilized and elevated for 3-7 days

103
Q

What is the safest place for a car seat?

A

Back center seat because it is away from airbag

104
Q

What is the diet for a patient with Cushings?

A

high protein
low carb
low sodium
low calories
high potassium

105
Q

ECT can cause injury to a person with this disease

A

Osteoporosis

Alendronate is a treatment for osteoporosis

106
Q

What type of vaccine is polio?

A

Inactive

107
Q

What should be avoided in patient with MS?

A

Extreme temperatures d/t change in sensation

108
Q

When do children begin to get voluntary control of sphincters?

A

18-24 months

109
Q

If you suspect your patient is having autonomic dysreflexia what should you do first?

A

Sit your patient up to decrease ICP and prevent cerebral hemorrhage and seizures

110
Q

What should a patient diagnosed with respiratory failure limit in their diet?

A

Carb because it causes an increase in CO2 production

111
Q

What is important to assess what a patient is getting a pacemaker?

A

If the patient has wireless hearing aids because they should no be within 6 inches of a pacemaker generator

112
Q

What care should be included for a newborn that received a clamp circumcision?

A

Petroleum jelly pad placed on the penis before diapering

113
Q

What type of breast pads should be avoided when breastfeeding?

A

breast pads with plastic because they retain moisture and increase risk of a yeast infection

114
Q

What are s/s of Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

firm, painless, moveable adenopathy of cervical area

115
Q

When is mannitol used? Why?

A

Given to a patient with increased ICP because it pulls water from the tissues back into the vessels –> decreased swelling and increase UOP

Monitor UOP to ensure its working

116
Q

What is normal urine specific gravity?

A

1.010-1.030

117
Q

When there is bone metastasis, what should you monitor for?

A

Hypercalcemia (LOC changes)

118
Q

How do you assess the trigeminal nerve?

A

Palpate temporal/masseter muscles and use a cotton swab on face to test light touch

119
Q

Who can place an abdominal binder?

A

UAP

120
Q

What is the concern with HPV?

A

It can cause cervical or penile cancer but the vaccine decreases that risk and is given to both male and females at 11-12years old

121
Q

What is an early sign of increased ICP?

A

slowed speech

122
Q

Quickening is felt around when?

A

16-20 weeks

123
Q

If patients come to the ED with hives and puritis, you should assess what?

A

Their breath sounds b/c can turn into anaphylaxis

124
Q

For a patient in therapeutic hypothermia, what rate should they be rewarmed?

A

0.45 degrees F per hour

125
Q

What should be avoided prior to a stress test?

A

Beta blockers 24-48 hours

NPO for at least 4 hours to decrease aspiration risk

Ask doctor about insulin (since activity w/o eating)

126
Q

Why does a new mom get a temp 24 hours after birth?

A

dehydration and fatigue

127
Q

If a paralyzed patient needs help getting up, what should be avoided?

A

avoid using their paralyzed size to help pull them up because it could lead to dislocation of the shoulder

Sign should be placed

128
Q

What occurs if the brainstem was involved in the surgery?

A

The patient may have an increase temp

129
Q

Can aminophylline and propranolol be given together?

A

No

Propranolol decreases bodies ability to metabolize aminophylline –> toxicity

130
Q

After cardioversion, should patient continue to take their antiarrythmic meds?

A

Yes until the HCP says not to

131
Q

What short hand should be written out instead to be correct?

A

Write out units do not put U

Write out daily do not put QD

132
Q

What does myxedema refer to?

A

hypothyroidism

133
Q

If a patient has had a dry cough for several weeks and night sweats then what is the concern?

A

TB

134
Q

What is Paget disease?

A

increase in serum alkaline phosphatase, fractures, and abnormal remodeling and resorption of bone

135
Q

What is the concern with lymphoma of the upper neck?

A

Pressure on airway

136
Q

Why does cataracts occur?

A

Lense becomes less hydrated and dense

137
Q

When a patient is receiving digoxin or amiodarone what should be monitored?

A

If they are seeing halos/blurred vision

Needs attention

138
Q

A patient that had a transfusion related acute lung injury should be premeditated with what before a transfusion?

A

Leukocyte reduced RBC because the antibodies in the blood caused the reaction

139
Q

What does wheezes sound like?

A

Continuous high pitched whistling sound mainly on expiration

140
Q

When should citrus fruits be avoided?

A

avoid in kidney disease because high in potassium

Including juices like orange juice

141
Q

If a patient is hypernatremic what should be given?

A

5% dextrose in water b/c dilutes sodium and decreases level in blood

142
Q

Can a patient breastfeed with mastitis?

A

Yes and they should because stopping will increase engorgment and pain

143
Q

What does a swollen eye after cataract surgery mean?

A

infection

144
Q

What is the CN II?

A

vision

145
Q

What is a classic sign of pheochromocytoma?

A

Really high BP

146
Q

DI can lead to what electrolyte imbalance?

A

hypernatremia

147
Q

How do you treat a negative nitrogen balance?

A

Give a complete protein

148
Q

What diet should a patient with severe liver disease follow?

A

low protein, high carb

Because it decreases the risk of hepatic coma by decreasing the ammonia that results form the breakdown of protein

149
Q

Are you concerned about facial edema during pregnancy?

A

Yes, could e a sign of pre-e

150
Q

What should you do if a patient is gasping/coughing during NG tube insertion?

A

Take out the tube because its in the airway and give the patient res then reinsert

151
Q

If a pregnant women is doing ____ they need further education b/c the risk of _____

A

Lying on their back

Vena cava syndrome

152
Q

How does aging affect pain tolerance?

A

decreases it

153
Q

What is the main use for a CCB?

A

antihypertensive

154
Q

What should a patient with a hip replacement have while laying in bed?

A

Abduction pillow between the legs to prevent dislocation especially if patient is confused and cant follow directions

155
Q

What does trazodone hydrochloride treat?

A

depression and insomnia

156
Q

What occurs r/t ADH, renin and aldosterone in older age

A

Increase ADH with decreased renin and aldosterone –> decrease Na reabsorption –> increase water retention –> hyponatremia

157
Q

Increase ASO titer means what?

A

glomerularnephritis and needs to be report to HCP

158
Q

What does an elevated BUN mean?

A

dehydration (confusion, disorientation –> falls)

159
Q

How do you confirm AIDs and cutaneous kaposi?

A

punch biopsy

160
Q

What would make you think that patient has a struvite calculus?

A

S/S of UTI
Recurrent UTI
Flank pain
Staghorn calculus

Needs antibiotics

161
Q

What are ADR of Tricyclic antidepressant?

A

Imipramine

Sore throat
Increased fatigue
Vomitting and diarrhea

162
Q

Large amount of light brown foul smelling drainage could mean?

A

Fistula

163
Q

If breathing tube is displaced from the stoma what should you do?

A

Dilate the opening of the stoma because a newly placed tract will not stay open w/o the tube

164
Q

If a patient has fatty stools, what diet should they have?

A

High fat diet so their body is getting enough before its excreted

Kaplan/UWorld (2 decks)

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