Kaplan Pharm Flashcards
Norepinephrine
(Levophed)
Action: Vasoconstrictor to increase blood pressure and caridac output
Therapeutic Uses: Shock, Cardiac Arrest, Anaphylaxis
Nursing Considerations
- Reflex bradycardia due to increased BP
- Monitor urinary output
- Infuse with dextrose, not saline
Side Effects
- Headache
- Palpitations
- Nervousness
- Epigastric distress
- Angina, hypertension
- Tissue necrosis with extravasation
Dopamine
(Intropin)
Action:
- Low dose: dilates renal and coronary arteries
- High dose: vasoconstricts; increases myocardial oxygen consumption
Therapeutic Uses: Shock, Cardiac Arrest, Anaphylaxis
Nursing Considerations:
- Headache is early sign of drug excess
- Monitor BP, urinary output, pulses
Side Effects:
- Increased ocular pressure
- Ectopic beats
- Nausea
- Tachycardia, chest pain, dysrhythmias
Epinephrine
(Adrenalin)
Action: Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
Therapeutic Uses: Shock, Cardiac Arrest, Anaphylaxis
Nursing Considerations:
- SC or IM only (?); IV admin can be harmful
- Monitor BP
- Encourage adequate hydration
Side Effects:
- Nervousness
- Restlessness
- Dizziness
- Local necrosis of skin
Pradaxa
Category: Anticoagulant
Indication: Prevention of stroke
Lovenox
Enoxaparin
Category: Anticoagulant
Indications: anticoagulation during acute coronary syndromes, prophylaxis and tx of venous thromboembolism
Heparin
Category: Anticoagulant
Indications: prophylaxis and tx of thromboembolic disorders; to maintain IV patency (low doses)
Antidote: protamine sulfate
Diagnostic tests: PTT
Xarelto
Rivaroxaban
Category: Anticoagulant
Indications: stroke prevention, prevention and tx of venous thromboembolism
Warfarin
Coumadin
Category: Anticoagulant
Indications: Management of pulmonary emboli, DVT, MI, atrial dysrhythmias, postcardiac valve replacement
Antidote: Vitamin K
Diagnostic Tests: PT and INR
Vistaril
Hydroxyzine
Category: antianxiety; antihistamine; sedative/hypnotic
Indication: tx of anxiety; preop sedative; antipruritic
Action: CNS depressant; blocks histamine-1 receptors; causes sedation, relief of anxiety,decreased N/V
Nursing Implication:
- Anticholinergic so teach about dry mouth, oral care, etc.
- Monitor LOC
Digoxin
Lanoxin
Category: antiarrhythmic, inotrope, cardiac glycoside
Indication: heart failure
Action: increases force of myocardial contraction thus increasing cardiac output (positive inotropic effect) and slowing heart rate (negative chronotropic effect)
Nursing Considerations:
- Take apical pulse for full min prior to admin
- Can cause extravasation if infiltration occurs
- Toxicity - abdominal pain, N/V, visual disturbances
- Monitor dig and potassium levels
Amphojel
Category: anti-ulcer; antiacid; phosphate binder
Indications: lowering phosphate levels; tx of peptic, duodenal, and gastric ulcers; GERD and kidney stones (?)
Action: binds phosphate in GI tract; neutralizes gastric acid and pepsin
Nursing Considerations:
- constipation
- administer 1-3 hours after meals and at bedtime
Versed
Midazolam
Category: benzodiazepine; antianxiety; sedative/hypnotic
Indication: preprocedure (conscious) sedation; status epilepticus
Action: CNS depression; short-term sedation with postop amnesia
Nursing Considerations:
- Monitor resp depression and hypotension
