Kaplan Q bank

Question 1

what muscles are innvervated by median nerve?

Answer 1

Thenar muscles (abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis and flexor pollicis brevis) and first two lombricals

Question 2

5 conditions of 1ry cyanotic babies

Answer 2

1. • Persistant truncus arteriosus
2. • Transposition of the great vessels
3. • Tricuspid atresia
4. • Tetrology of fallot
5. • total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Question 3

WAGR syndrome

Answer 3

Wilms tumor, aniridia, genital anomalies and mental retardation

Question 4

beaded pattern angiography of renal arteries

Answer 4

fibromuscular dysplasia (adult females are sx)

Question 5

Amyloid AA

Answer 5

Secondary amyloidosis (autoimune, chronic infection) 
deposition in the kidney, spleen, liver and nephrotic syndrome

Question 6

Amyloid AB

Answer 6

Alzheimers

Question 7

Amyloid AL (ATTR)

Answer 7

Primary amyloidosis. (Alpha light chain)

Question 8

Locked in syndrome

Answer 8

medial pons. basilar artery

Question 9

Stoke Volume

Answer 9

End diastolic-End systolic

Question 10

End Diastolic Volume

Answer 10

Volume in the ventricle before ejection, measure of fiber lenght

Question 11

End Systolic Volume

Answer 11

Volume in the Ventricle after ejection

Question 12

Ejection Fraction

Answer 12

Stroke Volume/End diastolic (55-60%), indicates contractility

Question 13

Ecstacy MDMA tox

Answer 13

Hot flushed skin, high pulse, respiration, bp and dilated pupils

Question 14

absence seizures

Answer 14

3hz spikes, generalized seizure, pathophys: synchronized discharge of thalamocortical neurons

Question 15

Tuberous Sclerosis

Answer 15

ash-leaf spots, hamarthomas (lead to mental retardation), adenomas sebaceous (perivascular angiofibromata), pancreatic cysts, cardiac rhabdomyomas

Question 16

loeffler endocarditis

Answer 16

restrictive cardiomyopathy with myocardial necrosis and eosinophilic infiltrates

Question 17

S3 in older patients

Answer 17

suggestive of congestive heart failure (stiffened ventricle)

Question 18

pathologic S4

Answer 18

(increased resistance to ventricular filling) hypertensive, hypertrophied, CAD, Aortic stenosis

Question 19

Coarctation of the aorta, infantile form

Answer 19

Preductal (ductus arteriosus). Associated with Turners

Question 20

Coarctation of the Aorta, Adult form

Answer 20

post ductal (ductus arteriosus). Associated with notching of the ribs (scalloping irregularities in chest X rays)

Question 21

Dressler syndrome

Answer 21

fibrinous pericarditis, (autoimmune) aprox 2-10 weeks after MI. Early pericarditis after MI occurs after 2-3 days.

Question 22

Cardiac Markers

Answer 22

Troponin I and T (most specific, peak at 8 hours, last 7 days.
CK-MB (peaks at 4hrs, last 3-4 days)
AST without other liver enzymes (good for atypical presentation MI in women)

Question 23

MI Complications

Answer 23

2 days: Arrythmias
5-10 days: rupture of the ventricular wall, papillary muscle and septum
2-10 weeks: Dressler syndrome
60+: arrythmias, ventricular failure

Question 24

Monckeberg Arteriosclerosis (medial calcific sclerosis)

Answer 24

ring like calcifications in the media of medium-small muscular arteries (radial, inguinal, carotid). NO inflammation, NO chance in diameter of vessel

Question 25

Buergers disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)

Answer 25

heavy smokers association.
intermittent claudication. gangrene of digits, raynauds phenomenom.
segmental thrombosing vasculitis.

Question 26

schistocytes (fragmented RBC’s) in blood smear

Answer 26

DIC and prosthetic valves

Question 27

factor that precipitates DIC

Answer 27

tissue factor