KARCH: CH. 53 - Intro to the Respiratory System Flashcards
_____: a disorder involving recurrent episodes of bronchospasm - leading to narrowed or obstructed airways.
Asthma
_____: the collapsed once-expanded alveoli, d/t outside pressure against the alveoli (ie. pulmonary tumor).
Atelectasis
_____: a chronic condition that occurs over time; Results from chronic bronchitis or recurrent/severe asthma attacks. Leads to loss of protective/defense respiratory mechanisms d/t prolonged irritation or damage.
COPD
_____: a viral infection of the URT (various viruses). It causes the release of histamine & prostaglandins and inflammatory response.
Common cold
_____: a hereditary disease - accumulation of copious amounts of very thick secretions in the lungs, which will eventually cause airway obstruction & lung damage.
Cystic fibrosis
_____: the vocal cords and epiglottis, which closed during swallowing to protect the LRT from foreign particles.
Larynx
_____: lung inflammation caused by a bacterial or viral infection or by aspiration of foreign substances into the LRT.
Pneumonia
_____: the lungs bronchi & alveoli; the area where gas exchange occurs (the respiratory airways).
Lower respiratory tract (LRT)
_____: air in the pleural space exerting high pressure against alveoli, or pleural effusion.
Pneumothorax
_____: a disorder frequently found in premature neonates whose lungs have not had time to mature and lack sufficient surfactant to maintain open Airways to allow for respiration.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
_____: Inflammation of the nasal cavity, commonly called hay fever; Caused by a reaction to a specific antigen.
Seasonal rhinitis
_____: inflammation of the epithelial lining of the sinus cavities.
Sinusitis
_____: a lipoprotein that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, allowing them to stay open to allow gas exchange.
Surfactant
_____: the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea – the conducting airways where no gas exchange occurs.
Upper respiratory tract (URT)
The respiratory system has 2 parts:
Upper respiratory tract (URT) - which includes: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea (no gas exchange).
Lower respiratory tract (LRT) - which includes: bronchial tree, and alveoli (gas exchange in alveoli).