Karl Marx

Question 1

Intellectual influences(3)

Answer 1

Hegel (Dialectic logic)
Feuerbach (Materialism)
Adam Smith & Ricardo(Labor theory of value)

Question 2

Marx counter to Feurbach

Answer 2

• Humans product of material conditions(true)
• But failed to emphasize how human actions actively shape the world
• Material->Ideas(But human labor & production
  determine material conditions)

Question 3

HM

Work

Answer 3

Contributions to the critique of political economy

Question 4

HM

Mnemonic

Answer 4

Why Have Fun Risking Money
What
Hegel
First historical act
Relationshp(man-nature, man-man)
Materialist conception(of society, of history)

Question 5

HM

What (2)

Answer 5

1. Macro-sociological generalisation
2. Interpreting history wrt techno-eco aspects

Question 6

MOP stages

Answer 6

Primitive communist
Slave
Feudal
Capitalist
Socialist
Communist

Question 7

MOP

Primitive communism(2)

Answer 7

1. Labor: Helped transform Anthropoid Ape to Homosapien
2. No concept of pvt property

Question 8

MOP

Transition to class based society(sequence)

Primitive Communism

Answer 8

Improvement in Productivity->Social DOL->Exch r/ns->Production of commodities(pvt prop)

-> means ‘requires’

Question 9

MOP

Slave society emergence(sequence)

Answer 9

Pvt prop->Warriors, clan leaders, priest acquired means of production by force->Majority of popn deprived

Question 10

MOP

Productive forces devt in Slave society

Answer 10

Tech advances in agri
Mining, metallurgy
Greater Domestication of animals
Separation of crafts from agri

Question 11

MOP

Limiting devt of FOP in Slave society(2)

Answer 11

To acquire slaves->conquests, territorial expansion
Slaves->destroyed implements to avoid work

Question 12

MOP

Productive forces devt in Feudal society

Answer 12

Spinning wheel, Ribbon loom in textiles
Improved Blast furnace
Gun powder
Ship building
Compass

Question 13

MOP

Limiting devt of FOP in Feudal society

Answer 13

Toll & trade duties
Guilds-restrictive
Complicated land-ownership pattern

Question 14

2 essential conditions for devt of capitalism

Answer 14

1. Free labour
2. Accumulation of wealth->investment

Question 15

Feudal to capitalism(sequence)

Answer 15

Feudal lords & Rich peasants->occupied large tracts of land(indep peasants driven away)->Capitalist agri->Surplus generated->Invested in capitalist mfg

Driven out peasants joined as workers in urban factories

State support eg: Enclosures act

Question 16

Capitalist MOP

Capitalism defn

Answer 16

Generalised sys of commodity production where every product, every sale
Idea: Money that produces more money

Question 17

Capitalist MOP

Pre-capitalist & capitalist production ckt

Answer 17

C-M-C

M-C-M

Question 18

Capitalist MOP

Capitalism is based on(3)

Answer 18

DWL
Double Wage Labor

Question 19

Capitalist MOP

Doubly Free labour

Answer 19

1. Free from feudal/slave ties(free to sell their labor power in mkt)
2. Free from ownership of means of production(forced to sell labor power to survive)

Question 20

Capitalist MOP

System of Wage-labor

Answer 20

Worker to capitalist(Labor time, labor power)
Capitalist to worker(compensation/wage)

Question 21

Capitalist MOP

Extraction of surplus value produced by labour

Answer 21

2 ways
Prolongation of working day
Increase of productivity

labor value theory by A Smith & D Ricardo

Question 22

Capitalist MOP

Wage kept min

Answer 22

Socially determined abstract wage
(due to presence of ‘Industrial Reserve Army’)

Question 23

Alienation

4 dimensions of alienation

Answer 23

1. Production process
2. Product
3. Fellow humans/workers
4. Self/Species being

Question 24

Alienation

• Man is a
• Attributes of labour

Answer 24

Homo Faber(creative/constructive being)

Objectification of purpose
Material
Transformation of human nature

Question 25

# Alienation Perspectives in contemp society

Answer 25

Harry Braverman(Deskilling of workers) Robert Blauner(Alienation & Tech) CW Mills(boo:White Collar; 'False personality' in tertiary jobs)

Question 26

# Class Struggle 2 types of CS

Answer 26

1. Primary CS bw exploiter & exploited classes(LORD-SERF) 2. New(future) dominant class vs Older dominant class(LORD-CAPITALIST)

Question 27

# Class Struggle Class-in-itself

Answer 27

1. Obj entity 2. Same r/n wrt means of production 3. No awareness of common pos & interests coz(Ruling class ideology, False consciousness)

Question 28

Subj conditions for transition to Socialism

Answer 28

Homegenisation Proletariatisation(due to mechanisation & monopoly) Polarisation Pauperisation

Question 29

Socialist transformation diff from prev in 4 main ways

Answer 29

**TMCC** 1.**T**ransformation: Self-realisation of human nature(not devt of FOP) 2. **M**OP: FOP->historical dead end; ROP transforms 3. Minority-majority **c**lass struggle(not min-min) 4. Pol **c**hange->Eco change(not eco->pol change)

Question 30

Each gets acc to one's

Answer 30

Socialism-'contribution' Communism-'need'

Question 31

Marx critique

Answer 31

Crane Brinton(no theory of revolution) Karl Popper(non-fals) Alfred Marshall(critic of labor theory of value) Weber(eco reductionism) Technological determinism counter eg(Fascism in Ger, Authoritarian capitalism in China) ## Footnote iPad