Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels (socialism)

Question 1

Historical Context

Answer 1

• The Industrial Revolution

Question 2

Philosophical Context

Answer 2

• Hess: Jewish historian
• Hegels

Question 3

Personal Context

Answer 3

1. MARX
   - Born in 1818 in Trier, in the Rhineland in Germany -> very industrialised with lots of factories
   - Born Jewish but converted to Christianity. Later became atheist.
   - Married an aristocrat called Jenny von Westphalen
   -
2. ENGELS
   - Eldest son of a wealthy textiles manufacturer who owned a mill in Manchester
   -

Question 4

Ideas on human nature

Answer 4

• Capitalism makes people competitive
• Human beings are malleable (the competition can be overcome)
• Other

Question 5

Ideas on Society

Answer 5

• ideal: international, classless, stateless
• societies
• ## i

Question 6

Ideas on State

Answer 6

-

Question 7

Key ideas on the economy

Answer 7

• ## State-owned and state-ran

Question 8

Key writings

Answer 8

• Das Kapital
• The Communist Manifesto
• The Conditions of the Working Class in England

Question 9

Key Quotes

Answer 9

. - “Accumulation of wealth at one pole is at the same time accumulation of misery, agony of toil, slavery, ignorance, mental degradation at the opposite poll”
- “Religion is the opium of the people”
- “From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs”
- “A spectre is haunting Europe- the spectre of Communism”
- “The history of all hither to existing society is the history of class struggles”