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Public Health > Kays > Flashcards

Kays Flashcards

1
Q

outbreaks of previously unknown diseases or known diseases whose incidence in humans had significantly increased or threatens to increase in the future

A

emerging infectious disease

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2
Q

diseases that have reappeared after a significant decline in incidence

A

re-emerging infectious disease

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3
Q

since the 1970s ___ infectious diseases have been discovered or identified

A

greater than 40

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4
Q

SARS-COV2 stands for

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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5
Q

first case of covid was identified in

A

wuhan china december 2019
indiana march 6th 2020

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6
Q

how long does it take for symptoms of covid to appear after exposure?

A

2-14 days

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7
Q

viral shedding is a problem with

A

PCR testing, can stay in system for awhile

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8
Q

mean incubation period

A

5-6 days

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9
Q

stage 1 is

A

viral response phase

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10
Q

stage 3 is

A

inflammatory phase

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11
Q

symptoms of viral phase

A

fever, dry cough, lymphopenia

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12
Q

symptoms pulmonary phase (stage 2)

A

SOB, abnormal chest imaging

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13
Q

symptoms inflammatory phase

A

ARDS, SIRS/shock, cardiac failure
elevated inflammatory markers

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14
Q

critical illness is defined as

A

patients on mechanical oxygen, ECMO, organ dysfunction in sepsis

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15
Q

severe illness is defined as

A

SpO2 less than 94% including patients with supplemental oxygen

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16
Q

mild to moderate illness is defined as

A

SpO2 greater than 94% not requiring supplemental oxygen

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17
Q

critically ill hospital patients with COVID 19 recommendation

A

dexamethasone 6 mg for 10 days

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18
Q

severely ill hospital patients with COVID 19 suggestion

A

dexamethasone

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19
Q

mild to moderately ill hospital patients with COVID 19 suggestion

A

no dexamethasone

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20
Q

mild to moderately ill hospital patients with COVID 19 suggests against use of

A

inhaled corticosteroids

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21
Q

hospitalized COVID 19 patients with markers of systemic inflammation, sugggests

A

tocilizumab

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22
Q

when tocilizumab is not available ___ can be used

A

sarilumab

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23
Q

what is tocilizimab

A

anti IL6

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24
Q

what is remdesivir

A

was emergency authorized, interferes with viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase, failed initial treatment of ebola virus

25
Q

what can happen with remdesivir?

A

AST/ALT increase

26
Q

mild to moderate COVID patients at high risk for progression to severe disease

A

remdesivir within 7 days of sx

27
Q

COVID 19 patients on supplemental oxygen (not mechanical or ECHMO)

A

remdesivir for 5 days

28
Q

COVID patients with severe suggest ___ over no antiviral treatment

A

remdesivr

29
Q

COVID patients on ECMO or mechanical vent suggests against use of ___

A

remdesivir

30
Q

mild to moderate COVID19 patients at risk for progression to severe disease suggests

A

nirmatrelvir/ritonavir within 5 days of onset

31
Q

mid to moderate COVID19 patients at risk for progression to severe disease if no other suggestions

A

molnupiravir

32
Q

signs and symptoms of monkey pox

A

rash, fever, malaise

33
Q

monkey pox treatment

A

tecovirimat

34
Q

1 reported case

A

chylamidia

35
Q

what disease is more common in women cause they get tested

A

chylamydia

36
Q

chlamydia and gonorrhea most common in

A

age 20-24

37
Q

what drug has highest percentage of resistance in gonorrea

A

ciprofloxacin

38
Q

when did syphilis spike

A

nov 2021

39
Q

treatment of chlamydia treatment

A

doxycycline 100 mg BID x 7 days

40
Q

alternate regimens to chlamydia treatment

A

azithromycin 1 g or levofloxacin 500 mg

41
Q

treatment of gonococcal infection cervix, urethra, rectum

A

ceftriaxone 500 mg single dose

42
Q

primary and secondary syphilis among adults

A

benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million single dose or doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 14 days

43
Q

latent syphillus treatment

A

doxycycline 100 mg BID x 14 days

44
Q

who warned us of antibiotic abuse?

A

Alexander Fleming 1945

45
Q

organisms always resistant to given antibiotic
ex b lactams, vanc, cephalosporins

A

intrinsic resistance

46
Q

organisms initially susceptible to drug become resistant
ex. fluoroquinolones

A

acquired resistance

47
Q

conjugation is

A

direct contact or mating via sex (most common)

48
Q

transduction is

A

genes are transferred between bacteria by bacteriophage (viruses)

49
Q

transformation is

A

transfer or uptake of free floating DNA from the environment

50
Q

example of ESBL

A

CTX-M-15

51
Q

example of serine carbapenems

A

KPC

52
Q

example of metallo b lactamases

A

VIM, IMP, NDM

53
Q

example of cephalosporinases

A

AmpC

54
Q

urgent threats in antibiotic resistance

A

carbapenem resistant

55
Q

serious threats in antibiotic resistance

A

ESBL, multidrug resistant pseudomaonas

56
Q

what is ceftazidime avibactam used for

A

intra abdominal infections, UTIs, VABP

57
Q

what is meropenem-vaborbactam used for

A

complicated UTIs

58
Q

what is imipenem cilastatin relebactam used for

A

complicated UTIs, intra abdombinal infections

59
Q

which drug is the trojan horse

A

cefiderocol (fetroja)

Public Health (8 decks)

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