Keeping Healthy Flashcards
(43 cards)
Why do we need carbohydrates?
Energy release
Why do we need fat?
Insulation and energy release
Why do we need protein?
Growth and repair
Why do we need vitamins and minerals?
To keep skin, bones, blood etc healthy
What is metabolism?
The release of energy to fuel chemical reactions.
What is metabolic rate?
The rate at which chemical reactions take place in the body.
What happens to your metabolic rate when you exercise?
It rises.
Why do people who do lots of exercise need more carbs and fats in their diets?
Because their metabolic rate is higher for longer so they need to release more energy.
What is malnourishment?
Not having a balanced diet i.e. Eating too much or too little
What are the effects of malnourishment?
- Obesity
- Type Two Diabetes
- Arthritis
- Slow growth
- Fatigue
- Weak immune system
Why do those who exercise tend to be healthier than those who don’t?
Exercise increases the energy used by the body and as such decreases the amount stored as far. It also builds muscle which boosts metabolic rate.
How can inherited factors affect an individual’s health?
- Some could have a naturally lower metabolic rate if they inherit an under active thyroid.
- Some can inherit high blood cholesterol which increases the risk of coronary heart disease.
If a food contains a lot of Saturated Fat, what effects can it have on the body?
Increase blood cholesterol.
If a food contains a lot of Sodium, what effects can it have on the body?
Increase blood pressure.
If a food contains a lot of energy what effects can it have on the body?
Obesity
What should we consider when evaluating slimming claims?
- Is the report scientific and published in a reputable journal?
- Is it written by a qualified, unaffiliated person?
- Was the sample size large enough?
- Have other studies shown similar results?
What are pathogens?
Harmful microorganisms that enter the body.
What do bacteria do when they enter the body?
They live inside the body, producing toxins and harming cells.
What do viruses do when they enter the body?
They replicate by invading cells and using them to produce copies of themselves. The cells then burst and release all the viruses into the body to find more cells.
How does the skin defend against disease?
It stops any pathogens touching your organs directly. If you have a cut pathogens can get into the bloodstream. As such we have platelets in the blood to seal any wounds.
How does mucus defend against disease?
It traps pathogens before they reach the lungs. Tiny hairs in the respiratory tract then move them back out into the air.
What are the three ways white blood cells can protect against disease?
- Engulf and digest pathogens
- Produce antitoxins to counteract toxins from bacteria
- Produce antibodies
What are antibodies?
They lock onto antigens on the pathogens and destroy them. Antibodies are unique and hang around afterwards in case of a future attack.
Describe how a vaccination works.
Small amounts of dead or inactive pathogens are injected into the bloodstream carrying antigens. This instigates antibody production even though the pathogens are harmless. Once they have dealt with the “attack” they remain in the bloodstream in case of future attacks.
