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Biology yr 11 > Keeping healthy > Flashcards

Keeping healthy Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Balanced diet?

A

A diet the contains the correct amounts of nutrients

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2
Q

Malnourished?

A

The condition when the body does not get a balanced diet

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3
Q

Deficiency disease?

A

A disease caused by a lack of vitamins or minerals

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4
Q

What happens if the body has too many vitamins or too few?

A
  • You become malnourished
  • Too much=Too much energy and become overweight
  • Too few=You develop a deficiency disease
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5
Q

Three reasons for someone to become malnourished

A
  • Take in too much energy
  • Take in too little energy
  • Particular nutrients may be missing from their diet
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6
Q

White blood cells?

A

Engulf and digest microbes and produce antibodies and antigens

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7
Q

What do Pathogens have on top of them?

A

Antigen

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8
Q

Pathogen?

A

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease

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9
Q

What are Antitoxins?

A

Produced by White blood cells which counteract toxins and are made by invading bacteria

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10
Q

What is sense?

A

Detects stimuli
All contains different receptors
Eyes; Ears ; Nose; Tongue and skin

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11
Q

Pros of Vaccinations

A
  • Controls infectious infections

- Epidemic less likely

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12
Q

Cons of Vaccinations

A
  • Don’t always work

- People have reactions

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13
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central nervous system

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14
Q

What is sent to the CNS?

A

The information from the sense organs

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15
Q

Why is information sent to the CNS

A

So reflexes and actions can be coordinated

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16
Q

Sensory

A

Nerve cells that carry electrical signals from the receptors to the CNS

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17
Q

Relay

A

Nerve cells that carry electrical signals from the sensory neurones to the Motor neurones

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18
Q

Motor

A

Nerve cells that carry electrical signals from the CNS to the effector muscle glands

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19
Q

Stage 1 of the Menstrual cycle

A

Breakdown of the uterus lining.The brain will produce FSH

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20
Q

Stage 2 of the Menstrual cycle

A

The lining of the uterus builds up

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21
Q

Stage 3 of the Menstrual cycle

A

An egg is released on day 14.Which are the most fertile days for a women

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22
Q

Stage 4 of the Menstrual cycle

A

The wall is maintained for these days.If no fertilized egg implants the cycle starts again

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23
Q

Where is FSH produced from?

A

Pituitary gland

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24
Q

Where is LH produced from?

A

Pituitary gland

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25
What does FSH do?
Causes eggs to mature in the Ovaries.Which then stimulated the Ovaries to produce Oestrogen
26
What does LH do?
Stimulates the release of an egg at the middle of the menstrual cycle
27
What is an Auxin?
A plant hormone that controls growth near the tip. | Auxin moves to the shaded side which creates cell elongation moving it toward the light.
28
What is a drug first tested on?
Human cells/tissue
29
What is is next tested on?
Live animals
30
Then?
Healthy human volunteers
31
Next?
People suffering (including a placebo)
32
Finally?
Ongoing reporting from doctors
33
What's a placebo?
A fake drug
34
Hard drugs?
Normally extremely harmful and addictive
35
What do people use hard drugs for?
Stress relief and enjoyment
36
Example of legal drugs
Tabaco and alcohol
37
What damage can legal drugs such as Tabaco and Alcohol do to the body?
Lung cancer | Liver failure
38
Cold adaptions
- small surface area compared to the volume - well insulated - hairy coats/greasy fur
39
Warm adaptions
- Large surface area compared to the Volume - Excellent water storage - Good absorbers of water
40
What do plants compete for?
Light, space, water and minerals
41
What do animals compete for?
space , food, water and mates
42
What Lichens show us?
Show air pollution
43
What do mayflies show us?
Shows water pollution
44
What do Rat tailed maggots show us?
Indicate high​ water pollution
45
What do satellites do?
Measure temp of sea
46
What do rain gauges do?
Measure rainfall
47
Automatic weather station?
Atmospheric temps
48
What do plants take in?
Carbon , oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
49
What conditions do micro organisms live in?
Warm and moist
50
What do decomposers do?
Secrets enzymes to break down the products
51
How does variation happen?
Two gametes meet and fuse
52
What are characteristics determined by?
The mix of genetic and environmental variation
53
What does the nucleus contain?
Contains genetic information
54
How many chromosomes does a human have ?
23 pairs
55
What do chromosomes carry?
Genes. Which control the development different characteristics
56
What is a gene?
A long strand of DNA
57
What is a clone?
An ordinary cell divides into two
58
What do the first step of cloning ?
Sperm and egg cells are taken
59
Second
Embryo splits, divides and develops
60
Third
These are implanted into a surrogate
61
Final
All offering will be genetically identical
62
What are the issues of cloning?
``` Reduced gene pool Wipe out population Animals be less healthy Could lead to a greater understanding of development of embryos Preserve endangered animals ```
63
What is genetically engineering?
A useful gene is cut out of a chromosome using enzymes. Then reproduced. This is how insulin is made
64
What are advantages of GM crops ?
Increase the yield of crops Crops made for people to add nutrients where they are lacking. Grown elsewhere without problem. Reduce biodiversity
65
What happens if some weeds become resistant?
Could create a super-weed variety
66
What do impulses travel along ?
Sensory neurone to spinal cord
67
Antibodies ?
They detect foreign antigens and will match them to fight off
68
Immunity?
A dead or inactive form of the disease is put in the body and it fights off the disease

Biology yr 11 (8 decks)

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