Keeping Healthy Flashcards
(27 cards)
A healthy diet contains…
…the right balance of foods you need and the right amount of energy.
Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are used to…
…release energy and build cells.
Vitamins and mineral ions are needed in small amounts for…
…normal body function.
A person is malnourished if their diet is not balanced. What changes in body weight can malnourishment cause?
Either the body becoming underweight or overweight.
An unbalanced diet may lead to deficiency diseases/conditions such as…
Type 2 diabetes.
A person losses mass how?
When the total amount of expended (used) energy is greater than the energy intake. Exercise increases the amount of energy expended by the body.
The rate at which all chemical reactions take place in a cell is known as what?
Metabolic rate.
Factors that effect metabolic rate.
Age Gender Mass Proportion of muscle to fat Amount of exercise Inherited factors
Give an example of an inherited factor.
Cholesterol level.
People who exercise more are generally what?
Healthier.
Microorganisms that cause infectious disease are known as what?
Pathogens.
Bacteria and viruses may make us feel ill how?
By rapidly reproducing inside the body and producing toxins.
White blood cells can fight against a pathogen how?
Either:
1) By ingesting it.
2) By producing antibodies that destroy the pathogen.
3) By producing antitoxins to counteract the toxins released by the pathogen.
The body can become immune to a pathogen how?
The immune system produces a specific antibody that kills a particular pathogen which can lead to the body becoming immune to a pathogen.
How can you stop the spread of a pathogen throughout a population?
A dead or inactive form of the pathogen enters the body (vaccine), causing the body to find an antibody that kills the pathogen. If most of the population becomes immune to a pathogen it reduce the spread of it.
Semmelweise recognised what?
The importance of washing hands and how it stopped the spread of infectious disease. By urging doctors to wash their hands he greatly reduced the number of deaths in his hospital.
Some medicines, such as painkillers, help to reduce the effects of symptoms, but do not…
…kill the pathogen.
Antibiotics cure what?
A bacterial infection.
Antibiotics can not be used to treat what type of infection?
A viral infection, as it is active inside the cell and reproduces inside the cell.
Why should bacterial infections be treated with the correct antibiotic?
Overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria.
How does resistance in bacteria occur?
The pathogen randomly mutates producing a hesitant strain.
True or false…the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria necessitates the development of new antibiotics.
True.
People can be immunised from a disease by vaccination. How does this work?
A dead or inactive form of the pathogen enters the body which stimulates white blood cells that destroy the pathogen. This makes the person immune to the microorganism and the body responds quickly if infected again with the pathogen.
What does MMR stand for?
Measles, Mumps and Rubella.
