Keeping healthy Flashcards
(34 cards)
what does a healthy diet contain?
carbs proteins fats minerals fibre water
what’s the definition of metabolic rate?
the chemical reactions which take place in cells
Name different factors which affect your metabolic rate?
Age
genetics
fitness levels
gender
Where does the energy in a diet come from?
proteins, carbs and fat
Definition of malnourishment?
Deficiency due to a lack of a balanced diet. overweight or underweight
What health problems are linked to obesity?
arthritis
type 2 diabetes
heart disease
high blood pressure
why do you need cholesterol in your diet?
for cell membranes and to make vital hormones
how can inherited factors effect your health?
metabolic rate - muscle to fat proportion
cholesterol levels - risk of heart disease
which organ balances cholesterol levels?
liver
give scientific explanations as to why exercise helps keep you healthy?
using more energy so less likely to be overweight
increased muscle tissue will lead to a faster metabolism
regular exercise increases good cholesterol and lowers bad cholesterol
what are pathogens?
microorganisms which cause disease.
common pathogens are bacteria and viruses
what are the differences between bacteria and viruses?
bacteria - single celled living organisms smaller than animal and plant cells
viruses - smaller than bacteria. regular shapes. cause diseases in every type of living organism from people to bacteria.
how do pathogens cause disease?
they reproduce rapidly inside your body. bacteria produce toxins.
viruses take over your cells, destroying them. viruses do not produce toxins
why do you feel Ill when contracting an infectious disease?
toxins released from bacteria
destroyed cells from virus
body’s response to attack
what are the four main ways I which infectious diseases are spread?
droplet infection - coughing, sneezing etc
direct contact
contaminated food and drink
through a break in your skin
what are the three main ways in which your body prevents pathogens from getting in?
skin - protective barrier.
when cut - bleeding then clotting and scabbing over.
mucus - pathogens that are breathed in are trapped in mucus in lungs and expelled or swallowed and destroyed by stomach acid.
name the three main roles of white blood cells
ingesting microorganisms
producing antibodies - which target bacteria and viruses and destroy them.
producing antitoxins - to counteract the toxins of the pathogens
why do we need uncontaminated cultures?
to investigate the effect of chemicals such as disinfectants and antibiotics on microorganisms
how can you grow an uncontaminated culture of bacteria in the lab?
sterilised petri dishes and agar (nutrients)
sterilise inoculatiing loop
dip loop in bacteria and zig zag in agar
seal lid of petri dish to prevent unwanted organisms getting in.
leave at 25 degrees Celsius for a few days
what is antibiotic resistance?
a natural mutation in the bacteria which increases resistance to antibiotics.
is MRSA a bacterium or virus?
bacterium.
why is mutation in bacteria and viruses such a problem?
new strains can spread quickly and cause epidemics and pandemics.
antibiotics and vaccinations may not be effective against the new strain.
what is the difference between an epidemic and pandemic?
epidemic - in one country
pandemic - across several countries
why is there no effective treatment against the flu virus?
because it mutates easily causing new strains which your immune system doesn’t recognize
